Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/818

* MAKAW. 726 MALABAR COAST. Russian vessel wrecked uijon the coast about a century ago. They now number about 300, are gathered upon a small reservation, and are fairly civilized. MAK'EMIE, Fka.xcis (?-1708). The father of American Presbyterianism. He was born near Kathnielton, County Donegal, Ireland ; stud- ied at Glasgow; was licensed by the Presby- tery of Laggan in 1081, and went the next year as missionary to Barbados. In 1083 he went to Maiyland and for several years combined com- mercial traveling with gospel preaching. In lOltO he was on the eastern shore of Virginia. From 1603 to 1098 lie was in Barbados. In 109!t he organized the Presbyterian church of Snow Hill, Maryland, and otlicr churches, and served as their pastor. In 1704 he went to London to appeal to the Presbyterians there for money and men. In this he was successful, and in 1706 the first 'presbytery' met in Philadelphia. It was not a presbytery in the ordinary sense, how- ever; rather 'a meeting of ministers for minis- terial exercises,' and not subordinate to synod or assembly. On January 1!>, 1707. he preaclied in a private house in New York City, Governor Cornbury liaving refused liim permission to preach in the Dutch church. On January 21 he was arrested at Newtown, L. I., for preaching without the Governor's permission and impris- oned in New York till March 1, and then only released on bail. On June 3 he was tried in New Y'ork City and acquitted, because he produced, his license to preach, received in Barl)ados, under the terms of the Toleration Act of Wil- liam and Slary (1089). which was valid in all parts of the realm. Though acquitted he was condemned to pay costs of both defense and prosecution. He died in 1708 in Accomac County, Va. Consult Briggs, American I'resby- tcrkmism (New Y'ork, 1885) ; Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, vol. iii. (New York, 1858). MAKKARI, mak'ka-re, Ahmed el (c.1585- 1031). A Moorish historian, born in Algeria. He was an active religionist and made two pilgrimages to Jerusalem, six to Mecca, and seven to Medina. Y'et he found opportunity for the preparation of several works, of which the most important is the History of the Moliam- medau ODiiiisties of Spain (in a partial English translation by Gayangos, 2 vols., 1840-43; edited as Analects svr I'histoire et la litt(rature des Arahcs d'Espagne, Leyden, 1855-61). MABXAY, ma-kll'. See Mikluciio-Maclat, Nikolai. MAKO, mo'ko. A town in the County of Csan;'id. Hungary, situated on the right bank of the Maros, 19 miles by rail east of Szegedin (Map: Hungary, G 3). Its most prominent build- ing is the palace of the BLshop of Csaniid. The inhabitants are engaged chiefly in agriculture and stock-raising. There are also a number of oil presses in the town. Population, in 1800. 32.660; in 1000. 33.722. The inhabitants are largely Prot- estant ilagyars. MAKOLOLO, ma'kd-16'16. A branch of the Basutos or eastern Bechuanas of Bantu stock, who migrated northward about the year 1835 and .subjugated their kinsmen the Barotse on the middle course of the Zambezi River in British South Central .Africa. Livingstone was the first explorer to penetrate their country. Subse- quently the Barotse overthrew their conquerors, massacred the men, and distributed the women and children among the tribes. The Makololo speech, however, was forced largely upon the Barotse by this very circumstance. The only po- litical fragment of the once-powerful Makololo owes its preservation to the sending out of an embassy with Livingstone to the east coast to seek a cure for the King's leprosy, previous to the Barotse uprising. This party .settled on the Shire River, below the falls, and has grown to be of some importance. MAKBIZI, ma-kre'z^ (Ar. A^siad ibn 'Ali Taki al-Din al-MakrizT). A Mohammedan liis- torian (c. 1304-1442). His surname, Makrizi. was taken from Makriz, a suburb of Baalbek, where his grandfather had originally lived. Makrizi spent the greater part of his life in Cairo, where he was born. He was taught in Hanafitc scliools, but joined the Shafiites in 1384. He journeyed to Mecca in 1385. and upon his return was ap- pointed vice-cadi and secretary. He then became successively prefect of police, preaclier and teach- er at various mosques. In 1408 lie was sent to Damascus as curator of a hospital and professor at two different schools. He soon, liowever, re- tired to private life, giving himself up entirely to literarj- pursuits. The years 1430-35 lie spent with his family in Mecca. Makrizi is our chief authority for the history and topography of Mo- hammedan Egj'pt, though he was not over- scrupulous and" quietly appropriated the works of other scholars. The most important of his works are: (1) Al-Maicu" iz ual-i'tibni- fi dliikr al-Khifat ical-AthOr, a topograpliical liis- tory of Egypt, especially of Fostat and Cairo (ed. Bulak, 1854; French trans, by Bouriant. in ihe Mcmoires de la mission archcolo(ii(/uc Fran- gaise du Caire, 1895 seq.) ; (2) Al-Knluk lima'- rifat duu-al al-MuW<. a history of Egypt from 1181 to 1440 {Histoire des suUtins Mameloxiks, trad, par Quatremfere. Paris, 1834-44) ; (3) Al- llmiim, a history of Jlohamniedan rule in Abys- sinia (ed. Rink." Leyden. 1700. and Cairo. 1895) ; (4) a treatise on Arabic weiglits and measures (ed. Tychsen, Rostock. 1800) ; (5) a treatise on Arabic' numismatics (ed. Tychsen, Rostock. 1797, and Cairo, 1880; trans, by De Sacy, Paris, 1797). MALABAR' BLACKWOOD. An East In- dian tree. See D.lber(iia. MALABAR COAST. A region on the south- west coast of Madras (q.v.). British India, bor- dering the Arabian Sea, and popularly defined as extending from Cape Coniorin on the south to the River Chandragiri on the north, with the Western Ghats (q.v.) as the eastern boundary (Map: India. B 6). The British district of Malabar forms part of the region. The sandy coast is intersected b^' numerous inlets of the sea, some of which extend as lagoons for con- siderable lengths parallel to the coast, receive the various mountain streams, and communicate with the ocean by narrow shallow openings. Con- siderable inland navisation is carried on by na- tive craft and light-draught coasting vessels. During the western monsoons of the rainy sea- son, the sea obstructs the outlets of these lagoons, and. swollen by the mountain torrents of the Ghats, they form backwaters which overflow the lowlands iii all directions. When the waters re- cede and evaporate during the dry season, the