Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/807

* MAIKET. 717 MAISTRE. ttip quarrel that followed the presentation V)f the Cid (1037), and ilairet and Scudfery were Cor- neille's bitterest opponents. MAIS, ma'is. One of the Pleiades and mother Ij} Zeus of Hermes. She was identified by the Romans with Bona Dea. MAISCH, mash, John JIiciiiEL (1831—). An American pharmacist, horn in Hanau, Ger- many. He was educated in his native town, and . aiiie to the United States in 1849. In 1861 he was .1 [i|iointed professor of materia medica in the New urk College of Pharmacy, and later of materia iiu'diea and botany at the Pliiladelphia College ul Pharmacj'. He became editor of the American ■h'lirnal of Pharmacy ; assisted in the prepa- jalion of Griffith's Universal Formula (3d ed. 1^74) ; with Stilly, edited the Xational Dispensa- li.ni (4th ed. 1879-86), and Manual of Organic M'llrriti Medica (3d ed. 1882-87). MAISON, ma'zox', Nicolas Joseph (1771- 1^40). A French marshal, bom at Epinay Inline). He distinguished himself at Auster- liiz in 1805 and was prominent in the campaigns t hat followed tlaat battle, but did not attain the rank of general of division until 1812. In 1813 lir was at the head of the Army of the North and maintained a sturdy resistance against the Allies. Alter Napoleon's abdication he attached himself Ui the Government of Louis XVIII., was made a iieer, appointed Governor of Paris in 1815, mil became a marquis in 1817. During the ex- 111 received the baton of marshal. He was for .a -!iiirt time ilinister of Foreign Affairs in 1830, ami afterwards Ambassador to Vienna (1831), In Saint Petersburg (1833), and Minister of War (1835-36). MAISON CARREE, mu'zex' ka'ra'. A beau- tifiil and well-preserved Roman temple at Nimes, France, dating probably from the time of the Aiitonines. The building is of Corinthian archi- (('■(ure, and measures 45 by 85 feet. It stands on a platform approached by fifteen steps. It is surrounded by thirty columns, of which six form Hip facade, and twenty are engaged in the walls ft the cella. After serving as a church and for other uses it is now used as a museum. MAISON DORE'E do'ra' (Fr., gilded house) . A famous Parisian restaurant on the Boulevard dcs Italiens, built in 1830, and long a chosen re- sort of the fashionable world. Like all the re- nowned houses of entertainment that formed a dis- tinctive feature in the life of Paris in the nine- teenth century, it maintaine<l a high schedule of charges. When in recent years the former ex- travagance in dining passed away, such estab- lishments ceased to be profitable, and in 1903 the liaison Dor^e was compelled to close its doors. MAISON DTI ROI, du rwii (Fr., house of the King). A title applied during the mon- archical regime in France to a select corps of troops including the Gardes du Corps. Che- vauxlegers, Mousquetaires, Grenadiers ;t Cheval. the French and Swiss Guards, and the Cent Suisses. During the reign of Louis XIV. they were entirely separate from the regular army establishment. They corresponded to the present Household Troops (q.v.) of England. MAISONNEUVE, niu'zS'nev', Pat'L de Chomedey^ Sieur de ( ?-1676). A French colonial Governor in Canada., born in Champagne. He early entered the French Army and served in many campaigns in Holland. He became inter- ested in the attempt to found a religious colony in New France by the body afterwards known as the Associates of 'Montreal, and in 1641 with forty men and four women reached Quebec. Tlie next year the city of Montreal was founded. Troubles came fa.st, and all his wisdom and firm- ness were necessary to keep the colony on its feet. The patrons had no conception of it.? economic needs, as they were moved entirely by religious enthusiasm. He was continued as Governor after the colony came under Sulpitian auspices, though much harassed by the Govern- ment at Quebec, which resented the virtual inde- pendence of Montreal. On this account he w-as removed by De Tracy in 1665 and sent to France, where he died in obscurity. He was a brave, disinterested man, who gave all .his en- ergies to the service of the colony. MAISTRE, ma'tr', .Joseph de. Count (1754- 1821 ). A French philosopher and political writ- er, and statesman in the .service of Sardinia, born in Chambery of a noble French family that had settled in Savoy when it belonged to the Sardin- ian Kingdom. Driven from his native country by tlie invasion of the French (1792), De Maistre, who was a member of the Senate, escaped to Turin, and when, in 1798, the King was com- pelled to abandon his Continental possessions, De Maistre accompanied the Court to the Island of Sardinia. From 1803 to 1817 he represented his impoverished King at Saint Petersburg, and upon his return was appointed Minister of State and Regent of the Grand Chancery. De Maistre was an ardent advocate of legitimacv, and in his later career became one of the most eminent writers of the new (or liberal) conservative school in politics and religion, of which Chateaubriand may be regarded as the head. His first work of note was Cotisiderations sur la France (1796), in which he combated the revolutionary doctrines then in vogue. His later works include: Essai sur le principe g^'iicrateur des constitutions poli- tiques (1810), advocating an absolute monarchv; Du pape ,(1819), probably the best modern de- fense of the spiritual and temporal power of the Pope: and De I'cglise gallieane (1821-22). His Les soirees de Saint Petersbourg (1821). Examen de la philosophie de Bacon (1836), Lettres et opuscules inedits du coinle Joseph de Maistre 11851), and Memoircs politiques el correspon- daiiee diplomatii/ue appeared posthumously, Qua- tre chapilres inMits sur la liussie par le comtc Joseph de Maistre (1859) was published by his son Rodolphe. There ar-e also editions of his (Euvres completes (1864) and Qlurres posthumes (1864). Consult: Margerie, Le comic Joseph de Maistre (Paris, 1890) : Lescure, Le comte Jo- seph de Maistre et sa famille (Paris, 1893) ; Descostes, Joseph de Maistre arnnt la revolution (Paris, 1893) ; id., Joseph de Maistre pendant la revolution (Paris, 1895) : and Mandoul, Maistre et In politique de la maison de Saroie (Paris, 1 noo ). MAISTRE, Xavier oe (1763-18-52). A French essayist and novelist, brother of Joseph de Maii^tre (q.v.). Having been in the military service of Sardinia, on its conquest by the French he emigrated to Russia (1799). where he became major-general and took part in the Persian cam-
 * ii ilition to Morea in 1828, which he commanded,