Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/778

* MAGNETOMETER. 692 MAGNOLIA. panying sketch. These instruments are used at the various permanent stations of tlie Division of Terrestrial Magnetism of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Figs. 4 and 5 show a theodolite used for the determination of the as- tronomical meridian, or true north, at a certain given station, and a standard form of magnetonie- ter. In this the astronomical meridian is deter- book, to be sung or said after the first lesson at evening prayer. It was omitted in the American prayer-book, but restored at the recent revision. MAGNITUDE {Lat. magnitudo, from inaC'E OK Dei'Tu, Localitv, and Movement. MAGNO'LIA. A town and the county-.seat of Columl)ia County, Ark., 140 miles southwest of Little Rock, on a spur of the Saint Louis South- western Railroad, and the terminus of the Louisi- ana and Northwest Railroad (Map: Arkansas, B 4). It is the centre of a fertile region, having valuable timber lands, and carries on a trade in cotton, fruit, and lumber, its comnicrcial inter- ests being of considerable importance. Popula- tion, in 1S90, I486: in 1900, 1614. MAGNOLIA (Neo-Lat., named in honor of Pierre ilagnol, a French botanist of the early seventeenth century). A genus of large-leaved beautiful trees of the natural order Magnoliacece, •with large solitary flowers, having a calyx of three sepals, a corolla of six to twelve petals, and carpels arranged in cones. The species are natives chiefly of North America, the Himalaya Mountains, China, and .lapan. The wood is in general soft, spongj', and of little value. J/of/- ■nolia rira)idi flora, sometimes called the big laurel, is a lofty and magnificent evergreen, rendered conspicuous at a great distance by its white flowers sometimes a foot in diameter. It is foimd in the lower districts from North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico. Magnolia Umbrella is found on the Alleghany Mountains, and extends as far north as latitude 43°. From the radiated manner in which its leaves are disposed at the extremities of the branches, it is called umbrella tree. It has very large white flowers. Magnolia acuminata, cucuml)er tree, inhabits the same districts, and is a lofty tree with greenish-yellow flowers, which are less admired than those of Fig. 5. VNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC 8TTRVEY POKTABLE MAGXETO.lETER. mined with the theodolite, which is then replaced on the mounting by the magnetometer. The read- er can find full descriptions of magnetometers in the Bulletins of the Division of Terrestrial Mag- netism of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and in the issues of Terrestrial Magnetism (Baltimore, current). The older forms of mag- netic instruments will bo found described in the larger treatises on physics, while the simple ap- paratus is discussed briefly in Thompson, Ele- mentarji Lessons in Eleclricity and Magnetism (enlarged ed.. New York, 1901). MAGNIF'ICAT (Lat. Magnifieat anima mea Dominum, My soul doth magnify the Lord). The song of thanksgiving originally uttered by the Blessed Virgin Mary (see Luke i. 46-55), and later incorporated into the service of vespers, in which it forms the principal part, correspond- ing to the other 'evangelical canticle,' the Bene- dictus, at lauds. At solemn vespers, during the singing of the Magnificat, the altar is censed by the officiant, vested in a cope. The English ver- sion was incorporated in the Anglican prayer- MAGNOLIA GLAUCA. other species. Magnolia glauca, white bay, beaverwood, swamp sassafras, a native of Penn- sylvania, Virginia, and Carolina, is a tree or shrub of 15 to 20 feet in height, with beautiful fragrant white flowers. The yulan, or Chinese magnolia (Magnolia Yulan). has been much cul- tivated in China for more than twelve hundred years, for its profuse, beautiful, fragrant white