Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/751

* HAGAXHAES. 669 MAGAZIISTE. ■who were jealous of the Portuguese mariner. Jlagalhaes set sail from Seville with a fleet of five vessels, August 10, 1519. In December he was at Rio de Janeiro, and in February, 1520, he reached the entrance to the Rio de la Plata. The next si.K months were occupied by dilfleulties with his crews, and the loss of one vessel, so that it was October 21, 1520, before he arrived at the entrance to the strait known by his name, but named by him Todos los Santos. A month later, November 28th, he completed the passage and en- tered the Pacific Ocean. One of his vessels had meanwhile deserted him, and after many adven- tures made its way back to Seville, where it re- ported the destruction of the fleet. After a smooth and pleasant voyage, whence the name of Pacific given to this ocean, Magalh."ies reached the Tiburones Islands in February, 1521. and on March 6th he was at the Ladrones. Ten days later he fetched Samar, and during the next six weeks visited the other islands of the Philippine group. Friendly relations were established with the ruler of the island of Cebrt, with whom ^MagalhiSes joined his forces in an attack on the natives of the island of Mactan. While conduct- ing a rearguard defense after his partisans had been routed. !Magalhaes was killed, April 27, l.')21. After this disaster, one of the vessels was burnt, and the remaining two proceeded to Tidore, in the Moluccas, where the Victoria, of which Sebastian del Cano had become com- mander, was refitted for the voyage back to Spain. She sailed December 21, 1521, doubled the Cape of Good Hope on May 19, 1522, and on Monday, September 9, 1522, dropped anchor in Seville Roads, having completed tiie first voyage around the world. The documents and original narratives relating to this voyage and to the life of ilagalhaes are in the Hakluyt Society volume for 1874, translated and edited by Lord Stanley of Alderley. MAGALHAES, Fray Gabkiel de (1009-77). A Jesuit missionary to China, born at Pedrogao in Portugal. He went to India in 1634, came to China in 1640, and was treated with great honor by the Emperor. Twice escaping martyrdom, he died peacefully, and was honorably buried. He wrote yoiiicllc relation de la Chine. MAGALLANES, mii'ga-lyil'nas. A territory of Chile, comprising all that part of the country lying south of the 47th parallel, which separates it from the Department of Chiloe. It includes the numberless islands which fringe the western and southern coasts, and its entire area is esti- mated at 75,000 square miles. The mainland is a narrow strip of land largely mountainous and with extremely broken coasts, which fall into the sea in rocky and gloomy clitTs, in some places covered with glaciers. Xumerous narrow channels enter far into the country, forming many peninsulas. The climate in that part of Chile is extremely damp and stormy, and rains occur during the greater part of the year. There are extensive pine forests, but very little agri- cultural land. Among the chief groups of islands belonging to the territory are the Wel- lington group. Madre de Dios, Hanover. Queen Adelaide Archipelago, and the western part of Tierra del Fuego. The population of the terri- tory was 5170 in 1895, more than half of whom lived in the chief settlement, Punta Arenas, on the Strait of Magellan. MAGAZINE (OF., Fr. magazin, It. magcuH' zino, from Sp. muyacen, from Ar. makhazin, plural of maklizan, storehouse, from khazana, to store up). A storehouse, or a place or building set apart for the safe keeping of .stores ; in mili- tary usage a powder storehouse. Modern mili- tary magazines are used solely and entirely as storehouses of powder and ammunition and not as formerly, when they were practically complete armories. An expense magazine is usually one from which is issued the daily ammunition re- quirements of the troops to which it belongs. In fortifications — field or coast, permanent or tem- porary — the expense magazine is within easy access of the point of employment, and is an im- portant consideration in the general scheme of defense. They are constructed according to the general designs of the fortifications of which they are a part and may be of underground con- struction or built in the defenses and protected by bomb-proofs and similar devices. See Forti- fication. On board ship magazines are compartments de- signed solely for powder or for fixed ammunition of large calibre guns. They are placed as far away from the engine and fire rooms and as low down in the ship as practicable; and their tops are always well below the water-line. In re- A FIELD MAGAZIXE. cently built modern ships magazines are water- tight compartments tith bulkheads or walls of steel lined with thin sheets of fire-proof wood or asbestos board and having fire-proof wood grat- ings on the deck or floor. In some ships the bulkheads surrounding the magazine are double, the air-space between assisting to keep the maga- zine walls from becoming too warm; and the magazines themselves are fitted with ventilating pipes for the escape of hot air and with other pipes to bring cool air from the refrigerating plant. The artificial cooling is only necessary in the tropics, and rarely then, but modern smokeless powders give more even and regular results if the temperature is kept below 100° F., and long storage at temperatures exceeding 110° is liable to cause them to deteriorate. Maga- zines, ammunition rooms, and shell rooms are lighted by electric lamps in light hoxes, with glass in the sides; these boxes can only be en- tered from the deck above and not from the magazine, and if the electric lamps fail oil lights or candles are substituted. For further safety magazines, ammunition rooms, etc., are fitted with flood-cocks so that they may be filled with water if the ship is on fire near them; also with drain pipes for letting the water out. As a pro- tection against fire in action the ammunition hoists do not extend into the magazines, but down to ammunition passages or handling rooms