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* MacGAHAN. 614 McGILL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY. tend the International Congress at Berlin (1878) whfu he died of fever at Constantinople. McGEE, ni'-ge', Anita Newcomb (18(54—). An American jjhy.sieian. A daughter of I'rof. Simon Xevvconih, she was born in Washington, D. C, and educated in that city and in Europe. In 1888 she married the ethnologist, V J McGee, and four years afterwards received the degree of M.D. from Columbian University, Washington. She originated and was director of the Hospital Corps of the Daughters of the American Revolu- tion, which chose the trained women nurses during the Spanisli-American War. In August, 1898, by lier appointment as acting assistant surgeon of the I'nited States Army, she became the only woman ollicer of the army. She was assigned to duty under the surgeon-general to organize and ad- minister an army nurse corps, as the women nurses employed numbered then considerably more than one thousand. She resigned on com- jiletion of this work, December 31, 1900, when the corps was by act of Congress made a per- manent part of the army. McGEE, Thomas D'Arct (1825-08). An Irish-Canadian politician and author. He was born in Carlingford, Ireland, emigrated to Amer- ica when seventeen years of age, and settled in Boston, Mass., where he became editor of the Pilot. He returned to Ireland in 1845, and imtil 1848 he remained an editor of the Duldin Nation. Again he crossed the ocean, and became pro- prietor and editor of the New York Xatioii. In 1857 he changed his residence to Canada, estab- lished Tlic Sric Era in Montreal, and was a member of Parliament from 1858 until his death. He was also twice a member of the Jlinistry, and for one term was president of the Council. Be- cause of his opposition to the Fenian movement he was assassinated. He was the author of a number of important •works, including: History of the Irinh t^rttlcrs in Xorth America (1851) ; history of Attempts to Estahlish the I'rolrstant Jxcfonnation in Ireland ( 1853) ; Popular History of Ireland' (18C2); and a volume of poems (18G9). McGEE, W J (1853—). An American geolo- gist, anthropologist, and ethnologist. He was born near Duburpie, Iowa, and devoted his earlier years partly to reading law and to surveying, partly to improving agricultural implements, several of which he patented. He began the study of archa-ology and geology in 1875, and in 1877-81 executed a topographic and geological survey of 17,000 square miles in northeastern Iowa. In 1881 he was appointed geologist on the United States Geological Survey, and in 1SS5 and 1802 compiled standard geological maps. In 189.3, having resigned from the Geo- logical Survey, he was ajipnlnted etlinologist-in- charge in the Bureau of American F.thnologv. In 1895 he explored the Isla del Tiburon, Giilf of California, home of the Seri Indians, a savage tri1)e which until then had not been studied. His publications include: The Pleistocene History of Northeastern lou-a- (1889): The Ocologn of Chesapeake Bay (1888); The Siouan Indians (1895) ; Primitire Trephining (1897) ; The Seri Indians (1899) ; Primitire Nnmhers (1901) ; and many other memoirs and minor papers. McGIFFERT, m'-glf'fert, Arthur Cushmatt (1861—). An American theologian and author, born at Sauquoit, N. Y. He studied at the Western Keserve College and graduated at Unioa Theological Seminary in 1885. Af(ervards he continued his studies in Germany at the universi- ties of Berlin and Marburg, and in I'aris and Uome. He became instructor in Church history at Lane Theological Seminary in 1888. and pro- fessor there in 1890. He held this position until he was appointed professor of Churcli history at Union Theological Seminary in 1893. Dr. Me- Gill'erfs book, .1 History of Christianity in the Apostolic Aye (1897), was mucli criticised and he withdrew from the Presbyterian ministry in order to avoid an almost inevitable trial for heresy. He retained his position as professor of Cluirch history in the Union Theological Sem- inary, and afterwards joined the Congregational Church. He also wrote Dialogue Between a Christian and a Jew (1888, Doctor's thesis), and a translation of Eusebius's Church History (1890, with prolegomena and notes). _McGirFIN, m'-gif'fin, Philo Norton (1863- 97). An American naval officer, born in Penn- sylvania. He graduated in 1882 at the United States Naval Academy, and at the outbreak of the war between China and France re- signed from the navy to enter the Chinese ser- vice. In 1887 he succeeded in founding the naval college at Wei-hai-wei, of which he took charge in company with Lieutenant Bouchier of the British Navy.' During the China-Japan War he became commander of the Chinese fleet at the battle of Yalu River. His vessel scarcely escaped destruction, and he himself was .severely injured. McGILL', James (1744-1813). The founder of McGill University, Montreal, born in Glasgow, Scotland, Octolier U, 1744. He went to Canada about 1770 and there he eventually made a for- tune in the fur trade and in business at ilontreal. He was for a long while a member of the Parlia- ment of Lower Canada and afterwards of the legislative and executive councils. In the War of 1S12 he was brigadier-general of the militia. He died in Montreal, December 19, 1813. In his will he left £10,000 and certain lands for a col- lege to bear his name. The institution founded under this bequest was erected into a luiiversity by royal charter in 1821. McGILL COLLEGE AND TJNIVEKSITY. An institution nf learning in Jlontrpal, Canada, founded under a bequest of Hon. .Tames ilcGill in 1821 and reorganized by an amended charter in 1852. The university has five faculties: Arts, admitting women, mainly in separate classes and conferring the degrees' of B.A., il.A., B.Sc, M.Sc, D.Sc. and D. Lift : applied science, con- ferring the degrees B.Sc, M.Sc. and D.Sc. ; law, conferring (he degrees of B.C.L. and D.C.L. ; med- icine, eonfering the degrees of JI.D. and CM. It stands at the head of a group of affiliated col- leges and schools and is itself affiliated with the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin. The supreme authority of the uni- versity is vested iu the Crown and is exer- cised by the Governor-General of Canada as Visitor. The highest academic body is the corpo- ration, composed of the governors, principal, and fellows. The governors, fifteen in number, are the members of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning. The president of the board of governors is ex-officio chancellor. The principal is the academic head and chief adminis-