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McCLTJRE. McCLtTRE, ma-kloor', Alexaxdeb Kelly (182«— ). An American journalist. He was born at Sherman's Valley, Perry County, Pa., and after receiving a good elementar}- education was apprenticed to a tanner at the age of fifteen. While at work at his trade he began contributing to tlie columns of the Perry Freeman. When scarcely nineteen (in 184) he began, and. with the aid of a single assistant, continued the publication of the Juniata Sentinel, a Whig paper, at iliftiin. Pa. In 1850 he bought an interest in the Chambers- burg lU'positori/, which, under his management, became one of the most inlluential anti-slavery papers in the region. In 18.53 he was the un- successful Whig candidate for Auditor-General, in 1855 was State superintendent of printing, and in the same year was a member of the State convention that met at Pittsburg to organize the new Republican part.v in Pennsylvania. In 185G he was a delegate to the first National Repub- lican Convention at Philadelphia, and in the same year left newsjjaper work and was ad- mitted to the bar. In 1857-58 he was a Re- publican member of the State Legislature, and 171 1859 was elected to the State Senate. In the Republican National Convention of 1860 he led the Pennsylvania delegates who deserted Simon Cameron for Lincoln, and afterward, as chairman of the State Committee, carried Pennsylvania for the latter. In 1862, as a special assistant adjii- tant-general, he had charge of the draft in Penn- sylvania, and in 1864 he was reelected to the State Legislature. In 1872 he led the Liberal Repub- lican revolt in Pennsylvania, was chairman of that faction's Campaign Committee, and was elected as an independent to the State Senate. He was defeated as independent candidate for Mayor of Philadelphia in 187.3 by scarcely 000 votes. He retired from active politics in 1875 and established the Philadelphia Times, of which he was editor until 1001. His publications in- clude: Three Thousand Miles Throiicih the Rock;/ Mountains : Our Presidents and How We Make Them (1001) ; Recollections of Half a Century (19021.

McCIiURE, Alexander Wilson (1808-65). An American clergj'man. He was born in Bos- ton, was educated at Amherst College and at Andover Theological Seminary. Having filled pastorates of various Congregational churches and of the First Reformed Church, .Jersey City, he became in 1855 corresponding secretary of the American and Foreign Christian Union, and in 1856 chaplain of that society in Rome. Italy. The American Chapel in Paris was erected with funds obtained by him. He was editor of the Christian Ohserratori/ and also contributed to the AVio Brunstrick Revieu' and the Literarji and Theoloflieal Rerieic. He published a ninnber of controversial works and The Translators Re- viewed, .giving biographical sketches of the trans- lators of the King .lames Version (1853).

McCLTJRE, Sir Robert John le JIesitsiee (1S07-73). An English Arctic explorer, who was first to pass through the Northwest Passage. He was born at Wexford, Ireland, studied at Eton and Sandhurst, and in 1824 entered the navy. In 1836-37 he was mate in the Arctic expedition of H.M.S. Terror. Captain Back, and in 1837 re- ceived his commission as a lieutenant. From 1842 to 1846 he was in command of the Romnet), receiving-ship at Havana. He joined Sir James C. Ross's first expedition in search of Franklin in 1848, and upon its return in 1840 was promoted to the rank of commander. Almost immediately upon his return from the first expedition it was decided to dispatch the same two vessels, the Enterprise and the Inresliiialor, upon a .sec- ond expedition which should proceed by way of Bering Strait. JleClure was ajipointed to the command of the Investigator, with Captain Col- lins, commanding the Enterprise, as senior officer of the expedition. The Investigator, with a crew of sixty-six, was provisioned for three years. On January 20, 1850, the vessels set sail, but on April 16th were separated by a gale. The Investigator continued northward, and became finally fi.xed in the ice of Prince of Wales's Strait, in latitude 72° 50' N., and longi- tude 117° 55' W. The winter of 1850-55 was passed on the northern shore of Banks I^and, in a bay named by ilcClure the Bay of Mercy. Here the ship remained blocked throughout 1852, but on April 0, 1853, was reached from Mel- ville Island by Lieutenant Pirn of the Reso- lute. The season was again unfavorable, and a fourth winter was spent in the Arctic. At last, in the spring of 1854, ilcClure and his crew were rescued by ilcClintock, who had come from the opposite direction, and in September they arrived in England, althougli not in their own ship, hav- ing accomplished the traverse of the Northwest Passage, the discovery of which had been a great goal of Arctic exploration. JlcClnre was pro- moted to be cajitain. was knighted, and was ap- pointed to command the Esk of the Pacific Squadron. He returned in 1861. in 1867 was pro- moted to be rear-admiral, and in 1873 was ap- pointed vice-admiral on the retired list. The honor of having first discovered the Northwest Passage has been claimed by many for Sir .lolm Franklin.

McCLURG, Alexaxder Caldwell ( 1835- lOOl). An American publisher, born in Phila- delphia. He graduated at iliami L'niversity, Oxford, Ohio, in 1853, and became associated with the publishing firm of S. C. Griggs & Co. at Chicago. In 1862 he entered the Union Army as a captain in the Eighty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was made a colonel and brevet brigadier- general, and served through the Atlanta camjiaign and Sherman's march to the sea as chief of staff of the Fourteenth Army Corps. After the war lie became a partner in the Griggs publishing house, and after a few vears organized the firm of Jan- sen. McClurg & Co., later A. C. ilcClurg & Co., which became one of the most prosperous pul)lish- ing houses in America. In 1800, after the de- struction of the establishment by fire, he re- organized the company on the basis of industrial coiipcration, distributed much of the stock to the employees, and permitted them to buy more on easy terms.

McCLY'MONT, James Alexander (184S— ). An English bililical scholar, born at Girvnn, Ayrshire, and educated at Girvan Grannnar School, at Ayr Academy. Edinburgh University, and Tiibingen. In 1874 he became minister of Holburn Parish, Aberdeen, and he served as a member of the general committee of the Ctnirch of Scotland. He was one of the translators of Beck's Pastoral Theology of the Xcir Testament ; and wrote: The Xeir Testament and Its Writers (1892) ; a volume in the Century Bible on Saint