Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/651

* LYON. 577 LYONNET. in Saint Louis, ilo., where lie immediately asso- ciated himself with Francis P. Blair, Jr., and other ardent Unionists, for the purpose of balking the .schemes of the Secessionists and of prevent- ing the withdrawal of ilissouri from the Union. He organized and drilled recruits, took energetic measures to hold the arsenal against threatened attacks, and on April 21st, General Harney being temporarily removed, assumed command of the Department of the West. On May 10th he surprised and captured a force of Secessionists at Camp .Jackson in Saint Louis, on May 17th was prumiited to be brigadier-general of volunteers, and on .May 31st. by the President's appoint- ment, again supplanted Harney as commander of the department. Finally breaking off all friendly relations with Governor Jackson, the leader of the disloyal element in Missouri, he sent troops to the southwestern part of the State to ward off or meet a threatened Confederate attack from Arkansas and intercept the retreat- ing Missouri Secessionists, and himself advanced at the head of a Federal force against the cap- ital, Jeli'erson City, which he occupied on June loth. He defeated a Confederate force under General Marniaduke at Boonville on the 17th, and on August lOth attacked a greatlj- superior body of Confederates under General Price at Wilson's Creek, where, after fighting desperately for some time, he was instantly killed while lead- ing a charge. { See WiLSO.v'.s Creek. B.ttle of. ) His entire fortune, $30,000. was bequeathed to the Federal Government for use in prosecuting the war. A .series of able letters, dealing with the political situation in 1800, was published with a memoir soon after his death, under the title, The Last Political Writings of Gen. X<i- thaniel Lyon (1862). Consult: Peckham, Gen. Kathiinirl Lyon and Jlissouri in 1S61 (New York, 1S6C) ; "Snead, The Fiqlit for ilissoitri (New York. 1886) : Carr, Mi^'soiiri: A Bone of Contention (New York, 1888) ; and Woodward, Life of General Xathaniel Lyon (Hartford, 1862). LYON, TiiEOD.VTts Timothy (1813-1900). A noted American pomologist. He was born at Lima, N. Y., but with his parents in 1828 re- moved to Michigan. While living at Plymouth, Mich., in 1844 he started a nursery and made a study of fruits, particularly with respect to iden- tification of varieties. The results, which were published in the ilichigan Farmer, led to cor- respondence with Charles Downing, who ac- knowledges his assistance in the revision of "Fruits and Fruit Trees of North America." He wrote a Eifstory of Michiiian Horiieultiire, which appeared in the seventeenth report (1888) of the ^Michigan Horticultural Society, of which he became president in 1876 and honin-ary presi- dent in 1801, a position he held until his death. The ilichigan Agricultural College Experiment Station placed him in 1880 in charge of its fruit investigations at South Haven, where he was engaged imtil his death. LYON COURT (obsolete spelling of lion; so calli'd Frnm the linn on the royal shield). An in- ferior court of Scotland, having jurisdiction in questions regarding coat armor and precedency, and also in certain matters connected with the execution of the law. It is presided over by the Lyon king-of-arms or Lord Lyon. .Vttaehed to the Lyon Court are a certain ninnber of her- alds (q.v.) and ])ursuivants (q.v.) appointed by him, whose principal duty is now the execu- tion of royal proclamations in Kdinburgh, though the heralds were, in old times, to some e.tent associated with the Lord Lyon in the exercise of his jurisdiction. Lyon appoints the messen- gers-at-arms (ollicers who execute the process of the Court of Session) ; superintends them in the execution of their duty; and in the e.xerci.se of his judicial function, takes cognizance of com- plaints against them, and fines, suspends, or de- prives them for malversaiion. The jurisdiction of the Lyon t'ourt is defined by two acts of the Scottish Parliament. 1502. c. 127, and 1072, c. 21, and further regulated by 30 Vict., e. 17. The Scotch acts ajilhorize the Lord Lyon to inspect the ensigns armorial of all noblemen and gentle- men of Scotland, and oblige all per.sons who, by royal concession or otherwise, had previously a right to arms, to matriculate or regi,ster them in the Lyon's books. He is empowered to inquire into the relationship of younger branches of families having right to arms, and to "assign suitable differences to them, without which the arms cannot lawful!}' be borne." The later act establishes the now existing regi.ster of the Lyon Court as the "true and unrepealable rule of all arms and bearings in Scotland," and authorizes the Lord Lyon to "give arms to virtuous and well-deserving persons," not hitherto entitled to bear them. The register of genealogies is a department of the Lyon oflice unconnected with heraldry, where evidence is taken of the pedigree of appli- cants, irrespectively of noble or humble lineage, and recorded for preservation. LYON KING-AT-ARMS. The chief heraldic ollicer of Scotland, He is first mentioned in the early part of the fifteenth century. See Herald; KiNti-AT-.ARMS. LYONNAIS, le'o'na'. A former province of France, named after its capital, Lyons, and now comprised in the departments of Rhone. Loire, Haute-Loire. and Puv-de-Doine, It was an inde- pendent countship until 1307, when it was united with the French Crown by Philip the Fair. LYONNESSE, If'o nes. LYONESSE, LEO- NAIS, or LEONNOYS. . fabulous coimtry mentioned especially in the romances of Tristram and Iseult. supposed to have been contiguous to Cornwall. England. This land of romance has sometimes been identified with the Scilly Isles. Walter Besant laid there the scene of Armorel of Lyonessc (1890). See Arthur; Tristram; Per- ceval; Laxcelot or the Lake. LYONNET, le'O'nfl', Pierre (1707-89). A Dutch ]iublicist and entomologist, born at Maes- tricht. He studied law at Utrecht, and became secretary and otlicial interpreter of the States- Generalat The Hague. His leisure he devoted to the study of natural history. He produced only one important work. Trailv anotomiiiue de la chenille qui ronye Ic bois (III saule {The Hague, 1760-62), in which" the structure of the caterpillar is described in the minutest detail, and figured in eighteen beautiful plates. This work at once became and has since remained one of the classics of natural history. Another extensive work is Jfeeherches .iiir I'annlomie et les nictanwrphoses de different espeeex d'in.teelis. ourraoe i>nxthiimr piihlie par W. de Raan (Paris. 1832). Lyonnet was also an amateur of ability in sculpture and portrait painting.