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* LYNN. 575 LYNX. with about 00,000 volumes, a Soldiers' Monu- ment, and Forest Park. Lynn is noted for its manufacturing interests, particularly in the line of boots and slioes, an industry which dates from 1750 and gradually has grown to great impor- tance. Other extensive manufac^tures are morocco and leather, shoe manufacturers' supplies, elec- trical appliances, machinery, foundry and ma- chine-shop products, and jjatent medicines. The city spends annually in maintenance and operation nearly $1,350,000, the principal items of expenditure being .$245,000 for schools, $105,- 000 for charitable institutions, $95,000 for the fire department, $85,000 for the police depart- ment, $(i5,000 for the water-works, and $55,000 for nuinicip,al lighting. Lynn owns and operates the water-works, which were built in 1870 at a cost of nearly $2,500,000, the entire system now comprising 115 miles of mains. Population, in 1800, 2837; in 1850, 14,257; in 1870, 28,233; in 1880, 38,274; in 1890, 55,727; in 1900, 08,513, including 17.742 persons of foreign birth and 784 of negro descent. Settled in 1029, Lynn was known as Saugus until 1037, when its present name was adopted from Lynn Regis. England, the home of the second pastor, Samuel Whiting. In 1850 Lynn was organized as a city. Consult Newhall, History of Lynn, Massachusetts (Lynn, 1883). LYNN REGIS, lln re'jls, or Kixn's Lynn. A seaport in the County of S'orfolk, England, three miles from the mouth of the Great Ouse, and 41 miles northwest of Norwich (Jlap: England, G 4). It has fine ecclesiastical buildings, national schools, and charitable institutions. Its grammar scliool (where Eugene Aram was usher) was founded in 1510. The town was formerly fortified and defended by a moat, which, with ruins of the walls and the handsome Gothic 'South Gates,' still exists. The town owns real estate, a w-ater- supply, electric works, and a cemetery, and main- tains baths, free library, fire brigade, and a tech- nical school. The industrial establishments in- clude sliipyards, oil-mills, machine-.shops, iron- foundries, breweries, malt-houses, etc. Lynn received its first charter from King ,Tohn in 1204. It was known as Lynn Episcopi, Bishop's Lynn, which at the Reformation was changed to 'Lynn Regis, or King's Lvnn. Population, in 1891, 18,300: in 1001, 20,-300. Consult: Ricliards, Uis- torii of Liinn (Lynn, 1812) ; Harrod, Records of Kinfi's Lynn (Lynn, 1874). LYNX (Lat. lynx, from Gk. Xtfyf, lynx; con- nected with Lith. Iiiszis, AS. lox, OHG. luhs. Gev. Lnehfi, lynx, and probably with Lat. Ulcere, to shine, Gk. (va(7fi.v, letissein, to see, Skt. rue, 1o shine, OChurch Slav. Utcha. beam of light, t)lr. lOche. lightning, 0HC4. lioht. Ger. Licht, AS. Irnht,' ^ng. light). A kind of wild cat, of which those in North America ai-e examples. It differs from the ordinary small cats of the wilderness by having a 'less elongated, more robust form, with the haunches elevated and all the limbs massive, the tail very short, the fur generally long, in old males forming almost a ruflf about the face, and the ears tipjicd with tufts or pencils of hair. Some naturalists have separated a group of these animals from the genus Fclis as a genus Lynx, but there seems no good reason to regard the animal as essen- tially different throughout the whole of the north temperate zone, or to give it more than the one name, Felis lynx. In the Old World the lynx was once a general inliabitaiit of the Arcto- gu'an region, but to-day it is never seen south of the IJaltic, except in Spain, where it is repre- sented by a liighly spotted form, the pardine lynx (Felis iMirdalinu), wliieli ilivart (The Cat, New York, 1892) concluded to be a separate soulliern species. The lynx may be found throughout all Asia north of the Himalayas, varying much in its colors, according as it dwells in the Siberian forests, or on the dry plains, or amid the Hima- layan or Tibetan heights. The caracal (q.v.) is a near relative. Its food and habits vary with its habitat, but it is everywhere the strongest and most savage cat of its size, and often kills goats and .sheep as well as the smaller prey more usual to it. In North America the lynx originally in- iuibited ever}' part of the continent north of an indefinite point in Mexico or Cejitral America. It has been traditional to regard the American lyn.xes as forming two species — Hie northern 'red,' or Canada lynx, 'lucivee' (i.e. loup cerier), or 'catamount,' and the southern or 'bay' lyn.x or 'bobcat.' Both of these arc highly variable in size, coloration, and proportion of parts, and, although no less than three species and 11 sub- species are distinguished and named in Elliot's Synopsis of Mammals (Chicago, 1901), there seems to be no good reason for treating the American animal as anything but the eireumpolar Ivnx, varied here and there by local inlluences. The length varies from about 40 inehes down to 30 inches, from nose to root of tail. The largest specimens come from the nortlu-rn forests, while the smallest are those dwelling in the dry, open country of the interior and the far Southwest; but, in accordance with .llen's law, the latter have the limbs and tail longer in proportion to the size of the animal. The color of the Northern lynx is grizzlv brownish-gray, the car-tufts and end of the tail black, and the belly white: those of Newfoundland are a richer brown, and of .las- ka paler than the average. Toward the south there appears an increasing tendency to reddish- ness. which is much brighter in the summer than in the winter coat; and the fur is marked with spottings and lines about the head, which are scant and obscure in the Northern specimens, but verj' pronounced in those from the Southwest. The pelts find a good sale among furriers. The habits of lynxes are those of the forest eats generally, and their depredations upon the farmer's poultry, together with Hie fear inspired by their screams at night and the value of their pelts, have led to their extermination in the more thickly settled States, except in mountain ranges or large tracts of forest or swamp. They are per- sistent mousers, however, and probably more than repay their occasional thefts by destroying great numbers of injurious rodents. Chiefly nocturnal in their movements, they sleep by day in hollow trees and caverns, and in such places, on a bed of leaves and grass, they bring forth and conceal their kittens, which Hie mother will defend with a ferocitv and skill in fence few animals can withstand. Keen, agile, patient, muscular, and resourceful, the lynx is the terror of the woods in summer, and fares well; but how it is able to endure the lifeless cold of the Northern for- ests in winter is one of the wonders of nature, Bini.lonR.pnT. .-udubon and Bachman. Qi/od- rnpcds of Xorth .merica (New York, 1S4G) ;