Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/645

* LYMAN. 571 LYMPH. pointed a umjor-geueial and was made com- mandci-in-cluef of the Connecticut militia force of 1000 men, which participated in the unsuccess- ful expedition against Crown Point ( q.v. ). He then constructed Fort Edward (q.v.), named at first, after him. Fort Lyman, but renamed by order of Gen. William .Johnson (q.v.), tlie leader of the expedition, who was jealous of L3-man's popularity. At the battle of Lake George (Sep- tember S, 1755) Lyman, after .Johnson had re- ceived a slight wound, took command of the forces, and repulsed the attack of the Fren£h and Indians. Lyman was for a time in lr57 in command of l-^ort Edward, and in 175,S com- manded the Connecticut forces in the expedition of General Abercrombie which resulted in the disastrous repulse at Ticonderoga. The follow- ing year he was with Lord Amherst at the cap- ture of Crown Point and Ticonderoga, and in 17G0 took part in the expeditions to Oswego and Montreal. In 1762 he commanded the colonial contingent of Lord Albemarle's army in the cap- ture of Havana. In the next year he went to England, where he remained until 1772, endeav- oring to obtain a grant of land in West Florida. In this he was at last successful, a tract near Natchez (now Mississippi) being granted by royal charter. LjTiian led a band of settlers to the region in the next year. LYMAN, TnEODOKE (1792-1849). An Ameri- can pliilanthropist. politician, and author, born in Boston. He graduated at Harvard in 1810; visited Europe (1812-14); studied law; and, with Edward Everett, revisited Europe in 1817-19. From 1819 to 1822 he was aide-de- camp to the Ciovernor of Massachusetts and be- came bridadier-general of militia in 1823 ; from 1820 to 1825 he served in the State Legislature, and from 1834 to 1835 he was Mayor of Boston. He was a steadfast opponent of the radical aboli- tionists, and in August, 1835, presided over a pro- slavery meeting in Boston; though a few weeks later, during an anti-abolitionist riot, he rescued William Lloyd Garrison from the mob and con- fined him in jail to save his life. He was a liberal benefactor of the State Horticultural Society, and of the Farm School, and was the founder of the Reform School, to which, altogether, he gave .$72,000. He published: Three Weclas in Paris (1814); The Political State of Itahj (1820); Account of the Hartford Convention (1823). in which he defended those who were concerned in that convention; and The Diplomaftj of the United States with Foreign Xations ( 1S28 ) , a work which is still valuable for the period covered. LYMAN, Theodore ( 1833-97 ). An American naturalist, son of Theodore Lyman (q.v.). He was horn at Waltham, Mass.; graduated at Harvard in 1855. and at the Lawrence Scientific School of the university in 1858: and from 1803 to 1865 was aide-de-camp, with rank of lieuten- ant-colonel, on the staff of Gen. G. G. Meade. As Massachusetts fish commissioner (1805-82), he conducted the first experiments made by any of the States regarding the preservation and de- velopment of food-fishes. He served from 1883 to 1885 in the House of Eepresentatives as an Independent and a civil-service reformer. His scientific work was largely on the Radiata, his researches having for the most part been made in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, Vol. . 11.-37. where he was appointed assistant in 1860, and to which he presented his valuable collection of technical books. He is distinguished for his papers on the Radiata. His publications include; an lllu&trated Catalogue of the Ophiuridec and Astrophytidae in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (1805); Old and Xew Ophiurida- and Astrophytidw (1874) : and Report on the Ophiu- ridec Dredged by 11. J/. H. Challenger During the Years 1S73-7G (1882). LYME-GRASS {lymc, obsolete spelling of lime -j- grass), Ely m us. A genus of grasses of which there arc about 30 species, natives of the temperate and colder regions of the Xorthern Hemisphere. The sea lynie-grass (Elymus arena- rius), frequent on the sandy shores of various parts of Europe, and on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Xortli America, is a coarse, gra3'ish grass, often three or four feet high, with spiny-pointed leaves and upright dose spikes ; a perennial with creeping roots, very useful in binding the sand. In Iceland the seed, which is large, is collected and ground into meal, which is made into porridge or soft thin cakes, and is esteemed a great delicacy. Its stems are used in various countries for thatch. A closely allied species or a variety, called giant lyme-grass {Elymus giganteus), is often sown in Holland, being preferred for its more vigorous growth. Various expedients are adopted to secure the growth of lyme-grass in very loose sands, as the laying down of pieces of turf, a gradual advance- ment from the margin of the sand, etc. The soft sea lyme-grass Elymus mollis) is common about the Cireat Lakes, on the Atlantic, and along the Pacific Ocean, from Oregon to Alaska. It is useful as a sand-binding grass, as a thatch, and in Alaska it has been very successfully em- ployed as silage for cattle. There are several species indigenous to the Rocky ilountain re- gion that are extensively used for hay. The jjrincipal species are Elymus condcnsalus and Elymus Maeounii. They grow in wet meadows and along streams, the first species often at- taining a height of 5 to 10 feet, the other from 2 to 4 feet. When used for hay Ihey must be cut while yoiuig. The seeds are used for food by the Indians. LYME-KEGIS, iTm' re'jts. A seaport town in Dorsetshire, England, at the mouth of the Lvnn. 22 miles west of Dorchester (Map: Eng- land. D 6). It is chiefly noted as a summer watering-place. It owns "its water-supply and supports technical education. It is mentioned repeatedly in English history from the Domesday Book onward. The ichthyosaurus and plesiosau- rus were discovered here in the Lias rocks. Pop- ulation, in 1891, 2.305; in 1901, 2100. Consult Roberts, History of Lyme-Regis (London, 1834). LYMPH (Lat. lympha. OLat. lumpha. Oscan diumpa, clear Mater: connected with limpidus, clear. Gk. Xd/mr«i', lampcin, to shine). The term applied by physiologists to the fluid contained in the lyinph.i'tics (q.v.). It is a colorless or faintly vellowish-red fluid, of a rather saltish taste," and with an alkaline reaction. It coagu- lates shortly after its removal from the living body, and forms a jelly-like, semisolid mass, which continues for some time to contract, so that at last the clot is very small, in propor- tion to the expressed serum. On microscopic ex- amination, the h-mph is seen to contain cor-