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* LUTHEBANISM. 556 liUTHEKANISM. Passavant, who was the lirst president of the board of directors. (8) The Seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio has been in operation, with brief intermissions, since 1830. It is under the general supervision of the Synod and under the si)eeial control of a board of directors. It is locally united with Capital University, at Columbus, Ohio, and for entrance students must have completed a regular college course. The confessional position has long been that of a strictly conservative type. (9) The Norwegian Augsburg Seminary is the oldest Norwegian divinity school in America. It ■was founded at Jlarshall, Wis., in 1809, and transferred to 5Iinneapolis, Minn., in 1872. Its first president was Prof. A. Weenas. (10) The United Church Seminary, at Jlinne- apolis, JMinn., is the diviiiity school of the United Norwegian Lutheran Clnncli, founded in 1890, at Avhicli lime the United Church was organized by a union of three Norwegian synods. It has three professors. (11) The Wartburg Seminary, the theological institution of the German Synod of Iowa, was founded by Pastor Loehe, of (Jermany, at Sagi- naw, Jlieb., in 18,52, as a teachers' seminary for the Missouri Synod. In view of the rupture with that body it was in 18.")4 transferred to the Iowa Synod, just organized, and transformed into a theological seminary. After sundry removals the institution was finally located at Dubuque, la. In 18.')4 and 1857 Loehe sent over as professors the brothers S. and G. Fritshel, accomplished and pious scholars, who gave the institution a high standard and engaged in vigorous war- fare with Walther on the derivation of the ministerial oflice, ehiliasm, and other questions. There are four regiilar professors, one of whom gives all his instriction in the Knglish tongue. (12) The Theological Seminary of the United Synod of the South is located at Mount Pleasant, S. C, near Charleston. It dates its beginning from the establishment of a theological institu- tion by the Synod of South Carolina in 1830 and has had a checkered and intermittent history. It w-as located at Lexington, S. C, fnnn 1833 to 1853, and conducted by Rev. E. L. Hazelius. For some years it was merged into the General Sem- inary of (he Church South. When that was dis- continued the South Car(dina Synod resumed its own theological instruction at Newberry, S. C, until the Ignited Synod located this institution permanently in 1898 at Mount Pleasant. Stati.stu'.s. The following are the figures for Lutheranism at the beginning of the year 1903 : COUHTKIE8 COUNTRIES s '5 CB a

1 CD a eS o d a a o The t'nitetJ SUitet^ 1.238 1.30.') 2,225 21.5 490 451 376 R16 1.625 2.106 3.6Sn 441 0.50 856 1,191 1.420 211,500 304 400 033.000 United Synod nf the South 41.500 87.314 78 540 Norwcpri » n United Church Indeppnilent synods and inde- 142,231 310,017 Total for United States and 7,116 11.874 1,868.502 (Jeriiian Eini)ire Demnark (iiu'lnding Iceland and Faroe iHlands) Norway .Sweden Finland llussia (proper) Austria Hnny-ar.y Ku mania Other Ballcan States and Turkey Italy .Switzerland Spain and Portugal Friiuee llelKinni Holland Eu|;land Scotland, Ireland, and Wales Total in Europe .4 s;.i Cancasia — India. Burma, Ceylon, and Siam China Japan Siberia AsiaMinor, Palestine, and Persia Total in .isia Alperia Egyjit, East and Central Atriea. South Africa West Africa Madafjawcar Total in Africa Oeeanica Australia NfW Zealand New (iuinea and Borneo Sumatra and Nins Java and Hawaii Total in Oeeanica South America Brazil .Vrjientiua .' Chile Other South American States.... Total in South .America North America Greenland Alaska, Cuba, and Mexico United States and Canada Total in North America Grand total for the world 17,860 1,905 920 2,893 960 688 310 1,230 13 6 12 8

135 lU 72 32 10 7,138 35.456 23,220 2,240 1.069 2.514 1,022 1,814 720 1,472 38 13 26 10 12 93 11 70 61 31 26.949 34,426 64,760,825 24 102 45,000 285 1,140 156,000 6 9 6,500 110 152 12,000 5 4 1.350 11 26 26.000 23 33 6.500 463 1,466 253,350 10 40 5,000 70 85 3,600 246 613 183,6(X) 96 2,54 20,950 136 800 110,000 555 1,692 323,150 114 267 113,000 13 20 12,800 24 27 2,850 88 186 44,020 2 6 3,1.50 241 605 175,S'J0 77 168 395,000 8 20 77,WI0 11 23 46,000 13 25 12,600 109 236 630,500 15 17 10.015 7 8 6.600 7,116 11,874 1,868,602 11,899 60,224 BiBLiocRAi'iiY. Krauth, The Coii.icrratirc Rcf- oniialion and lit! Thcrjlof/ii (Philadelphia, 1871) ; Walther, .1 nirrikdiiincli-lKtlterische I'nstoritl- Thcolonie (Saint Louis. 1872) ; Oehler, Lchrbiich dcr t'fyinbolih (Tiibingen, 1876) ; SehatT, History of the Chri.<<tiaii Church, vol. vi. (New York, 1888) ; id,. Creeds of Cliristeiuloni, vols. i. and iii. (New York, 1890) ; Wolf, The Lutherans in Ameriea (New York, 1SS9) ; Nicum, Die Liilhe- raner in Amerika (New York, 1891 ), a translation of the preceding work with valuable additions ; Graebner, flesehiehte dcr Inthcrischcn Kirchc in. Amerika (Saint Louis, 1892) : Jacobs, A IIistor;i of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United