Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/612

* LUSHINGTON. 546 LUSTRATION. don, was educated at Oxford, and was called to tilt bar ill 18UC. From ISOO to 18-il he was a member of Parliament. He was a follower of Fo.v and Grenville, in 1817 was counsel for Lady Byron, and in 1820, in conjunction with Lords Dcnliain and Brougham, was of counsel for Queen Caroline. In 1S28 he was appointed a judge of the Consistory Court, in 1838 judge of the Ad- miralty Court, and in the latter year was sworn in the Privy Council. He was regarded as an au- thority on ecclesiastical law. LiJ-SHXJN-K'OW. A naval station in China. See PoKT Artiiub. IiUSIAD, The. An historical epic, dealing with events in the history of Portugal. See CamOes. LUSIGNAN, lu'ze'nyiix'. A noble French family of the age of the Crusades, the most cele- brated member of which was Guy of Lusignan (q.v.). LU'SITAIJIA. A district of ancient His- pania (q.v.), wliieh, as the country occupied by the Lusitani, was, according to Strabo, liounded south by the Tagus, and north and west by the ocean. Its extent afterwards was contracted by the growing importance of the Calla>ci, and the river Durius (Duuro) became its northern bound- ary. Afterwards, many of the Lusitanians being driven southward in their long struggles with the Eomans, the name Lusitania was given to the district south of the Tagus. When Augustus divided Hispania into three provinces, Ba'tica, Tarraconensis. and Lusitania, the last occupied the southwest, between the Anas (Giuidkina) on the east, the sea on the south and west, anil the Durius on the north. It comprised the greater part of the modern Kingdom of Portugal, besides a large portion of Leon and the Spanish Estreniadura. Some of the principal towns were Metellinum i Mcdcllin) : Emerita Augusta {ilc- ridii), the Roman capital, on the Anas; Olisipo {Lishoti), the capital before the time of the Ro- mans; Conimhriga {Coi)nhrn^. on the Munda ; Salinantica {Salainnncn) : Pax .Julia (Beja) ; Ebora (Ecora). The jn-ovinee was anciently rich and fertile, and had valuable mines of golil and silver. The Lusitani were a wild and warlike people, much addicted to plunder, especially those living in the mountains, and were accounted the bravest of all the Iberians. The Romans suc- cessfully invaded their territory in the early part of the second century B.C. In B.C. 153 they re- volted, and for fourteen years fought against the Eomans, who for a time acknowledged their in- dependence. Viriathus, their chief, a bold and skillful leader, defeated several Roman generals. At length the Consul Cu^pio, unable to. subdue him in the field, captured him by the treachery of some of his intimate friends, and put him to death (about B.C. 14(1), soon after which the Lusitanians were completely subdued. LUSK, WiLLiAit Tiioirp.sox (1838-07). An American obstetrician, born at Norwich. Conn. He was a student at Yale College (18.50-00). then studied medicine at Heidelberg and Berlin (1860- 61 ). served in the Union Army during the Civil War (lS61-fi3). and graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1804. He then pur- sued his studies in Edinburgli. Paris, Vienna, and Prague. Returning to New York in 180.5, he began practice and rose rapidly in his profession. He was made professor of physiology- at the Long Island College Hospital in 1808; lecturer on phj'siology at the Harvard Jledieal School in 1870; and was professor of obstetrics and diseases of women in Bellevue Hospital iledieal College from 1871 till his death. He was co-editor of the Sew York Medical Journal from 1871 to 1873. His book on The l<cic)wc and Art of Mid- wifery (New York, 1882) has passed through several editions and has been translated into several foreign languages. LTJSSAN, lu'siix', Zelie »e (1803—). An American dramatic soprano, born in New Y'ork of French parents. Her mother was a brilliant vocalist, and the daughter early began the study of music, making her first public appearance when nine j-ears old. She sang at Wagner fes- tivals, then joined the Boston Ideal Opera Com- pany and made her operatic debut in 1880 as Arline in Balfe's Bohemian Girl. In 1880 she went to London, where she was enthusiastically received, and joined the Carl Rosa opera troupe. In 1894 she appeared at the iletropolitan Opera House, New York; in 1895 and 1896 she sang in Spain, Portugal, and France; in 1897 and 1899 she again visited the United States, and in 1002 made a concert tour of that country. Her most successful roles include : Carmen ( rendered over 000 times); Mignon ; ilusette, in La Boheme ; Zerlina, in Don Giovanni; ilarie, in La fille du regiment : and Marguerite, in Berlioz's Damna- tion de Faust. LUSSIN, his-sen', or LOSSINI, los-se'ne. A small island in the Adriatic, situated near the entrance to the Gulf of Quarnero and belonging to the Austrian Crownland of Istria ( Jlap: Aus- tria, D 4). Area, about 29 squai-e miles. Popti- lation, in 1900, 11.015. consisting chiefly of Ital- ians and Croats. The inhabitants are engaged in agriculture, seafaring, ship-building, and fishing. The chief town, Lussin Piccolo, has a good har- bor, a nautical school, and a population of 7027 in 1900. LUSTRATION (Lat. luxtratio, from lustrare, to purify, from lustrum, purificatory sacrifice, from luere, Gk. Xoiifix, louein, to wash). An an- cient ceremony, the object of which was to retain or reestablish those friendly relations with the gods upon which the prosperity of the community depends. This may be accomplished by purifica- tion by various means, which will remove any de- filement, or by leading the sacrificial victim around the object to be purified, and thus sym- bolically shutting out impurity. The purification was accomplished by fire, water, sulphur, or other fumes. These ideas appear prominently at many of the Roman festivals, such as the Palilia or Parilia, when the herd? and people were purified, or the Aniburbiiim or Anibarvalia. when the vic- tims were led arovmd the city or the fields, and still more at the purification of the assembled people on the Campus Martins at the close of the census taken every five years. At this lustrum, the suovetaurilia. or the boar, sheep, and ox offered to !Mars, were led solemnly around the gathering and then sacrificed, with a vow of a similar offer- ing if prosperity were granted the community for the ensuing five years. It may be noted that the tenn lustrum came to denote the whole period between these lustrations. Not only were these state ptirifications usual at regular seasons, but any prodigy indicating the displeasure of the