Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/571

LOYAL LEGION. who had fallen in battle for their country, for the relief of the widows and children of dead companions of the order, and for the advance- ment of the general welfare of the soldiers and sailors of the United States. It comprises three classes, the first of which consists of com- missioned officers who had served as such in the army, navy, or marine corps of the United •States during the Civil Aar or were subse- quently commissioned to the regular forces of the United States, Members of the second class are elected from among the eldest male descend- ants of those eligible for the first class. The third class consists of distinguished civilians who rendered faithful and conspicuous service to the Union during the Civil War, Xo new elec- tions to this class have taken place since 1890, 1'here are at present twenty State commanderies, thus distributed in the order of seniority: Penn- sylvania, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, Cali- fornia, Wisconsin, Illinois, District of Columbia, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Colorado, Indiana, Washington, and Vermont. Since 1885 the su- jireme head of the order has been a commander- in-chief.

LOYAL TEMPERANCE LEAGUE. An organization of children, with some 200,000 mem- bers in the United States and a few in other countries, started by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1880 to teacli children the evil effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other nar- cotics. There is a course of instruction and the graduates are organized into State legions, hold- ing annual conventions. See Temper.xce.

LOYALTY ISLANDS. A group of islands in the Pacific, Iving east of New Caledonia, in latitude 20° U' to 21° 39' S. and longitude 166° 10' to 168° 10' E. (Map: Australasia. .J 5). It con- sists of the three larger islands of Lifu, Mare, and Uea and a number of small islands, with a total area of about 10.50 square miles. They are mostly low and poorly watered. The climate is healthful. Bananas are cultivated to some ex- tent and sandalwood is exported. The inhabit- ants, numbering 19..534 in 1889, are of mixed Melanesian and Polynesian descent and are most- ly Protestants, The group has belonged to France since 18(14 and is an administrative dependency of New Caledonia.

LOYOLA, lo-yo'la, iGXATirs of. The founder of the Society of Jesus. See lGXATn"S of Loyola. LOYOLA, Martin Garcia OSez de (c. 1.548- 98). A Spanish cavalier, the nephew of the Jesuit founder, Ignatius Loyola, and born in Guipfizcoa, He was one of tlie commanders who fought in Peru against the Inca, Tupac Amaru (1572), After the Inca's capture and death Loyola married his niece, and through her got control of some of the Inca's large possessions. He was appointed Captain-General of Cliile in 1692, and from this date until his death was almost constantly occupied with the Araucanian campaign. Despite his lack of men and means he came to the relief of Arauco (1583). He was finally killed by the Indians, with several of his followers, between Imperial and Angol, LOYSON, Iwa'zox', Charles, better known from his monastic name, as P£re Htacixthe (1827—). A famous French preacher. He was born at Orleans, March 10, 1827, and received his early education at Pau, where his father was rector of the academy. He studied four years at the Theological Seminary of Saint Sulpice, Paris, and was ordained priest in 1851. After ten years as professor in the seminaries of Avignon and Nantes, and as priest, he entered the convent of the barefooted Carmelites in Lyons and, after two years of novitiate, joined that Order in 1863. He preached in several cities of France, attract- ing attention by his eloquence and enthusiasm. In 1864 he was called to the Madeleine in Paris and in 1865 to Notre Dame, For his boldness in denouncing what seemed to him abuses in the Church he was silenced by the general of his Order in .luly, 1869, and, in consequence, with- drew from the Order, His excommunication fol- lowed. Late in the same j'car he paid a brief visit to New York, .fter the Vatican Council in 1870 he joined the Old Catholic movement and was present at the congress in Munich in Sep- tember, 1871. (See Old Catholics.) In 1872 he was married in London to an American lady. In 1873 he was called to Geneva by certain dis- affected Roman Catholics and founded the first Old Catholic church there. Not being in full accord with all members of the party in that city, he returned lO Paris the following year. In 1879 he founded in Paris the 'Galilean Church' in comnnmion with the Old Catholic and .Angli- can churches. Means for the erection of a chapel were furnished from America, For a number of years he served this congregation as rector, but ultimately placed it under the charge of the 'Jansenist' Church of Holland. ( Sec Ja^sexism. ) P6re Hyacinthe gave mucli of his time to travel. In I900"01 he visited the East, and with his wife was received by several patriarchs of Oriental churches. In 1901 he resumed preaching in Old Catholic and Protestant churches of Switzerland. P6re Hyacinthe's writings include: La sociM civile dans ses rapports aiec le christiani»me (1867); De la rcforme catholique (1872-73); Programme de la reforme catholique (1879); Liturgie de I'Eglise catholiquc-gallicane (4th ed, 1883)"; Mon testament (1893)'. He also edited the periodical Catholique fran^ais.

LOZADA, or LOSADA, lo-sii'DA. :MAxn:L (c.lS25-73|, A notorious llexican bandit, born near Tepic of mixed white, Indian, and negro blood. His associations were chiefly with In- dians, and he gained mvich influence among them. He became a cattle-thief and bandit and levied tribute on the farmers in the valleys. In the contest between the Liberal and Conservative parties he favored the latter, but was undis- turbed by the Liberals while they were in power. JIaximilian conciliated him and recognized his title of general. He rebelled in 1872 against the Juarez Government. Init was defeated by General Corona and was finallv captured and executed in 1873.

LOZANO, lA-th:i'n6, Pedro' (?-c.1759), A Catholic missionary, born in Spain, He entered the Society of Jesiis, and was sent as missionary to South America, where he became professor in the College of Cordova at Tucuman. He published six works, of which the most important were: Descripcion corogrdfica de terreno. rios. nrho- les 1/ animales de las dilatadisimas prorlneias del Gran Chaco Gunlamha g de los ritas g cos- tumbrcs de las innumernbles naciones hdrharas ^ infieles que le habitati (1733), which is now very