Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/562

* LOW. 498 LOWE. educator in the specific meaning of the word, he succeeded by his administrative skill in trans- forming the" institution. He increased the col- lege proper in resources, attendance, and general reputation; transferred the site of the institu- tion to the valuable property on Morningside Heights, and vitally united, the various schools into one organization, with the title of uni- versity, and under the direction, not as there- tofore of the respective faculties, but of a uni- versity council. Further reforms effected by liiin include the reorganization of the Law School, the addition of a faculty of pure science, the association with the university of the Teach- ers College, and the extension of the department of political and social study. He also made to the university a gift of $1,000,000. to be used for the erection of a library building, in 1 807, despite the opposition of the organizations of the two great parties, he received 150,000 votes as inde- pendent candidate for Mavor of New York City. He was a member of the American delegation to the Czar's Peace Conference at The Hague in 1800, and at various times held other posts of public trust. In 1001, when the revolt against Tam- many Hall had become general, he was elected Mayor of New York City on a fusion ticket, whose candidates were pledged especially to break up police corruption, and despite many tlifliculties, due to the effects of the Tammany ailministration, was able to announce, through a message appear- ing in the public prints of February 17, 1003, progress in the several municipal departments. He was a founder and the first president of the Bureau of Charities of Brooklyn, and was elect- ed vice-president of the New York Academy of Sciences and president of the American Arcliaeo- logieal Institute. His academic dignities include, among others, the degree of LL.D., conferred by the University of the State of New York, Harvard, and Princeton. LOW, Will Hicock (1853—). An American illustrator, figure and genre painter. He was born May 31, 1853, at Albany, N. Y. His early education was interrupted by ill health, but in 1870 he went to New York, and for two years illustrated for different magazines. He went to Paris in 1873, studying with Gerome at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and later with Carolus-Duran. His work was also influenced by association with !MiIlet and other painters at Barbizon. Return- ing to America in 1877, he was elected member of the Society of American Artists in 1878, and an Academician in 1800, being instructor of the life classes at the National Academy from 1880 to 1802. He worked with .John La Farge in glass- painting, and received a second-class medal at the Paris Exposition in 1880. Low is best known by his illustrations for the periodicals, his decorative work for public build- ings, and his stained-glass work. His work shows grace of line, delicate color, and good com- position. He represents American life and char- acter in a realistic way, while his ideal subjects of gods and nvmphs are painted with great charm of color reflections in light and sliade. The fol- lowing are some of his most important works: "Portrait of Albani" (1877): "Chine" (1882); "Telling the Bees" (1885); "May Blossoms" (1888) (Smith College. Northampton, Mass.); "Brookside" (1890); "Mv Ladv" (Lotus Club, New York); "Front Yard" (1891); "Aurora" (1804) ; "Spring" (1895) ; "Homage to Venus," mural painting (Waldorf-Astoria, New Y'ork) ; "Mother and Child," stained-glass window (Rock Creek Church. Washington) ; ten stained-glass windows for Saint Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, Newark, N. J.; illustrations for Keats'a Lamia and Odes and Sonnets. LOWAN. See Molnd-Bibd. LOW ARCHIPELAGO, or Paumota, Pau- MOTU, or TUAMOTU ISLANDS. A grOUp of loW coral islands in Oceanica, lying east of the So- ciety Islands, about latitude 14° to 24° S. and lon- gitude 135° to 149° W. (Map: World, L 7). It consists of numerous islets, partly iminhabited,' with a total aiea of over 360 square miles. Owing to the coral surface and scarcity of w'ater. the vegetation is scanty. In the western islands are found the bread-tree, banana, and pineapple. The chief products of the group are copra, tre- pang, cocoanut oil, and pearls, and the trade is chiefly with Tahiti. The inhabitants, numbering about 7000, are Polynesians, and mostly Chris- tian. The principal port and seat of adminis- tration is Fakarava, on the western island of Fakarava. The group was discovered by the Spaniard Quiros in 1006 and visited by many ex- plorers, including Cook (1769). It came under the protection of France in 1844, and was offi- cially annexed in 1881. LOWBEY. The so-called gypsies of North- west Africa, a branch of the Fulahs (q.v.), wan- dering about and accepting the laws and religion of their adopted homes. LOW COUNTRIES. An English equivalent of Netherlands (or more especially the western portion), and also sometimes used to denote the Spanish, later Austrian, Netherlands — that is, Belgium. LOW'DER, Charles Fuge (1820-80). An English clergyman, famous for his successful work among the poorest classes of London. He was born at Bath; graduated at Oxford in 1843; joined the mission of .Saint George's in the East, London (1856) ; became Vicar of Saint Peter's. London Docks (1860) ; died at Zellam See, Aus- trian Tyrol, September 9, 1880. His story is told by himself in Twenty-one Years in Saint Oeo-rpe's' Mission (London, 1877), and in his biography (London, 1882). LOWE, le've, Karl (1796-1869). A German composer, born at Liibejiin, near Halle. He re- ceived his musical education at the Franeke In- stitut, Halle, after which he studied under Tiirk, and in 1814 entered the Singakadcmie. A few years later he took up the study of the- ology, and during the same period (1817-10) pro- duced the cantatas Treiiroschen, Erlkiiniq, and Wallhdide. After this he became Cantor of Saint .Jacob's Church, Stettin, and teacher at the gymnasium (1820). In 1866 he moved to Kiel. Lowe was one of the first to give artistic form to the ballad. He had a sympathetic voice, which, together with an admirable technique and a thorou,gh mastery of dramatic expression, en- abled him to make his song compositions popular throughout the world. His compositions include the opera Die drei Wiinsche (1834).. 17 oratorios, most of them in manuscript, and 127 songs and other works. An excellent selection of his songs has been published by Peters and Schlesingcr (Germany) in the well-known two Liiwe Albums