Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/559

LOUVRE. generosity as to the use of public funds and the results of archaeological excavations. There are now seven departments: (1) Egyp- tian antiquities; (2) Oriental antiquities and ceramics; (3) Greek and Roman antiquities; (4) paintings, drawings, and prints; (5) sculptures of the Jliddles Ages, Renaissance, and modern times; (0) works of art of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and modern times; (7) marine and ethnographic collections. These departments are each in charge of a conservateur and assistant. The catalogues and other illustrative works is- sued are scholarly, and the large group of emi- nent scholars in charge have made possible the establishment of the famous Ecole du Louvre in 1882, with advanced courses intended to de- velop specialists in archseology and art. The full course of instruction covers three years of study, and the Louvre has thus become in every way the centre in France for the study of past forms of art. Consult Babeau, Le Louvre el son his- ioire (Paris, 1895).

LOVAGE, liiv'aj (OF. luvesche, levesclw, Fr. livcchc, from Lat. ligusticum, lovage, from Ligus- ticus, Ligurian, from Liyurin, Liguria, from Ligus, Ligin; a Ligurian; influenced by popular etymology with love), Leinsticum. A genus of plants of the natural order Uihbellifera'. Com- mon lovage (Levisticiim ofjieiimle) is a native of the south of Europe, with ternate decompound leaves, and obovate wedge-shaped leaflets. It is sometimes cultivated in gardens, and, notwith- standing its strong and peculiar odor, is used as a salad-plant. Its aromatic, acrid, and stimulant roots and seeds are used in confectionery and medicine.

LOVAT, Itiv'at, Simon Fraser, twelfth Lord (C.1GG7-1747). A Scottish chieftain and Jaco- bite intriguer. He was the second son of Thomas Fraser, fourth son of Hugh, ninth Lord of Lovat. His mother was Sybilla, daughter of the chief of the Macleods. He was educated at King's Col- lege, Aberdeen, graduated M.A. in 1(18.3, and al- ways bore the reputation of a scholarly man. The Erasers, of Norman origin, possessed extensive territories in the county of Inverness. Simon had influence with the clan, and. although not the direct heir, acquired these lands by intrigue. He also abducted and compelled the widow of the late lord to marry him — a course which involved him in constant turmoil. On the accession of Queen Anne, when his opponents became a'll-pow- erful, he fled to the Continent. He was at the bottom of the hoax called the 'Queensbcrry Plot' in 1703, in which he professed to reveal the policy of the exiled Court and a plan for a rising in its favor among the Highlanders. He had been outlawed, but be was still the darling of his clan, and in 1713 they sent an ambassador to bring him over. The holder of his estates hav- ing joined the insuri'ection of 1715, Simon found it his interest to take the Government side. His elan at once left the insurgents; and for this good service he was invested with the es- tates, not only by the votes of his clan, but by the law. His life for the ensuing thirty years was active with local intrigues calcu- lated to strengthen his influence. In the insur- rection of 1745 he tried to play a dovible game, sending forth his clan, under the command of his -son, to fight for the Pretender, and deeply plot- ting for that cause, while he professed to be a loyal subject. He thus became a special object of the vengeance of the Government, and after vari- ous vicissitudes was captured, taken to London, tried and beheaded. Consult Hurton, Life of Simon, Lord Lovat (London, 1847).

LOVE A LA MODE. A comedy by C. Mack- lin (1759). An heiress, Charlotte Goodchild, is freed from the attentions of three fortune-hunting suitors hy the feigned loss of her money, and marries her disinterested lover. Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan.

LOVE-BIRD. The popular name for many diminutive parrots of various genera and even of difl'erent families, natives of the warm parts of America, of Africa, the East Indies, and Austra- lia. They receive their name from the afl;ection which they manifest toward one another, whether in a wild state or in a cage. African species {Agapornis roseieollis or Agapornis pullaria) about the size of a sparrow are now common as cage-birds in Europe and iVmerica. They are lively birds, and fond of being caressed. They feed on the seeds, etc., on which canaries are fed, and are fond of chickweed and other plants, with seeds ripe or nearly so. The South American love-birds are all members of the genus Psitta- cula, of which seven or eight species are knovn. The African species are of the genus Agapornis, and the Australian and East India love-birds are grouped in several genera. Of these last, one species [yasiterina pygrtuta) is noted as the smallest of the parrots. See Colored Plate of Parrot,s.

LOVE-FEAST. A religious service observed by certain bodies in imitation of the agapte of the early Christians. ( See Agap.?^. ) It is celebrated by Moravians generally in connection with a solemn festival, or preparatory to the com- munion. Hjanns are sung, a simple meal is served, and in some churches the minister makes an address at the close. Wesley introduced the observance among the Methodists, appointing one evening in each quarter for the men, another for the women, and a third for both together. In the Methodist Episcopal Church the feast is cele- brated at the quarterly conference, under the charge of the presiding elder, or, in his absence, of the pastor of the church. The Scriptures are read, with singing and prayer, religious experi- ences are related, and reports are heard upon Church matters ; the Lord's Supper i.s also often observed at the same time. Love-feasts after the primitive order are held in some of the Baptist missionary churches, and every Sunday by the Sandemanians.

LOVE'JOY, Elijah Parish (1802-37). An American alinlitionist, born at Albion, Maine. He graduated at Water'ille College in 1820, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1833. Soon after being ordained, he became editor of the tfainl Louis Observer, an influential Presby- terian paper. At first he refrained from taking any part in the anti-slavery agitation, but as time went on he began to insert occasional para- . graphs in his paper which evinced a moderate opposition to slavery, and finally, aroused by the burning of a negro murderer, he wrote an edi- torial that excited the wrath of the pro-slavery element, ilenaced, he removed his press to Alton, 111., where it was seized by a mob and thrown into the river. Citizens of Alton presented him