Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/524

* LOTHAIB. 466 LOTI. the sovereignty over Italy, a long strip of terri- tory between the Uliiue and the rivers Scheldt ami ilcuse, and the region between the Rhone and the Alps. His later years contain little worthy of note. He died in 855, after having divided his kingdom among liis three sons, and having assumed for himself the monastic garb. Consult Diinmiler, Geschichtc des ostfmnkischeii Reiches, vol. i. (2d ed., Leipzig, 18S7). LOTHAIR II. (?-869). A Frankish ruler, proclaimed King in 855 by the nobles of Lorraine on the death of his father, Lothair I. He is best known on account of liis attempt to divorce his ■wife, Theutberga, in order to marry his concubine, Walddrade. Tope Xichola.s I. (858-807) inter- fered, and deposed the archbishops of Treves and Cologne, who had granted a divorce to Lothair. Consult Diimmler, (lenchichte den ostfriinkischen jReiclies (2d ed., Leii)zig, 1887-88). See NlCH- OL-VS I. LOTHAIR III. (II.), THE Saxox (c.l060- li:i7). (Arnian Emperor from 1125 to 1137, Count of Supplinbuig. and Duke of the Saxons. He was the third King of the name, but the second Emperor, hence the variation in the numbering. Through his wife, Richenza. he had secured large possessions in Sa.ony. and in 1106, as a reward of his services to Henry V., he received the Saxon duchy. He soon revolted against Henry, and was in hostile relations with him during most of his reign. At the death of Henry Lothair was elected Emperor by the op- ponents of Frederick, Duke of Swahi'a. of the House of Hohenstaufen. He gave his daughter and heiress, Gertrude, in marriage to Henry the Proud. Duke of Bavaria, and invested that prince with the Duchy of Saxony. Henceforth there was a great struggle for ascendency between the powerful houses of Ouelph and Hohenstaufen. The Hohenstaufen revolted against Lothair, and submitted to him only afjer ten years of war. in 11.35. Lothair also was successful in extending Oerman inlluence on the east and north, asserting the Imperial power against Slavs and Danes. He made two expeditions into Italy, and died on December 4, 11.37. while returning from that country. Consult: .Taffe, GcscJiirhte des Deutsch- en I'lirlif! initrr Lotluir dem ftfiehseii (Berlin, 1843) ; Bernhardi, Jahrbiieher des Deutnehen Reichs unter Lothar von Supplinburg (Leipzig, 1879). LOTHAIRE. hVthar' (941-086). King of France. He succeeded his father, Louis d'Outre- mer, in 954. He was engaged in struggles with his great vassals, Richard. Duke of Normandy, Hugh Capet, and others, and was unable to up- hold the royal authority. In 078 he set out to conquer Lorraine, and attempted to surprise and capture the Emperor Otho II. at .ix-la-Chapelle. He failed, and the Germans advanced to the walls of Paris. Lothaire was forced to give up his claims to Lorraine. In 083 he made a second attempt to conquer that country. He had suo- ceeded in taking the stronghold of Verdun when he died. LO'THARIN'GIA. See Lokraixe. LOTHA'RIO. (1 ) In Rowe's Fair Penitent, a young nobleman of Genoa, who seduces Calista, the wife of Altamont, and is killed in a duel by the latter. He is the type of the libertine. (2) A character in Cervantes's Sovela del curioso importinentc, who is persuaded by Anselmo t<^ test the virtue of Anselmo's wife. Lothario do. - as his friend bids him. but with disastrous r. suits. This story is told in Don Quixote. (3) A character in Goethe's Williclin Meistcis Lclir- jahre, regarded by the hero as the ideal of cul- ture and manhood. He is supposed to represent Karl August. LO'THIANS, The. The counties of Hadding- ton, Edinburgh, and Linlithgow, Scotland, re- spectively known as East Lothian, ilid-Lotliian. and West Lothian. The name was aneiently ap plied to the whole territory between the river~ Tweed and Forth, which from 547 to 1018 formed a part of Berenicia or Xorthumbria. LO'THROP, Amy. A pseudom-m of Anna Bartlett Warner (q.v.). LOTHROP, Harriett IIulford (Stoxe) (1S44— ). An American author, born in New Haven, Conn. She married Daniel Lothrop, the Boston publisher, in 1S81. Her books, usually fur children, are published under her pen-name of JIargaret Sidney. They include: Fiir Lilllr J'cpitcis, and Bon' They (,'rcw ( 1882) : The I'ctli- hone Same ( 1883) : M'hat the Sccen Did ( 1,S83| : The Minute-Man (1886) ; and Dilly and the Cap- tain (1887). LOTI, 16'tc-', Pierre (1850—). A name as- sumed by Louis Marie Julien Viaud. A French novelist and naval officer, of Huguenot ancestry, born at Rochefort, January 14, 18.50. He entered the marine service in 1867 and traveled extensive- ly, resigning his naval office in 1898 with the rank of lieutenant. Twelve years intervened bi- tween his first cruise and Azii/ade (1879), his first novel. Loti has a power of impressionistic description and of suggesting a vague melancholy that is quite unique. To every land^eajie he gives an individuality. Environment with liim seems not only to explain but to condition character. He chooses always strange scenes — Constantinople in Azii/ade. Tahiti in Rarahu ( 18S0 ), reprinted as Le Mariaije de Loti ( 1882), .Senegal in />r roman d'un spahi ( 1881), Brittany and a man-of-war in Hon frire Yves (1883). the fishing tleet in /.'' pechenr d'Islandc (1886), Algeria in Le Kasbah (1884), .Japan in Madame Vhriisanthrme (1887), the Basque country in /fo"n(H/c/io (1897). Often he gives impressionist pictures with no thread ui narrative, as in An Maroc (1890). Le Desert (1805). and aalilee (1895). His latest work i- his impressions of India, published in the Rein- des Deux Mondrs (1903). Loti's stories are little more than log-books of sentiments, of which the strongest is a shrinking from excessive culturi'. "from modern sham, false luxury, uniformity. and imbeciles." It is the primitive that altraei- him in civilization, scene, race, and charactir. His heroines, Aziyade, Rarahu. Fatou-gaye, Madame ChrysanthJme, Gaud, and the rest, are all creatures of primitive emotions. Intensity of passion, resignation, a universal pity are the abiding moral characteristics of his work, most in- tensely expressed in Le Hire de la pitie et de la mart (1891) and Figures et chases qui passent (1897). In making prose the vehicle of sensa- tion. Loti has surpassed Flaul)ert and the Gon- courts. The virtuosity of his impressionism lies in its very simplicity. It gives no defined picture, but a very intense impression of a new mode of thought and feeling, of exotic ethics and strange