Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/511

* LOPEZ DE AYAIiA. 453 LOED. was so great a favorite in the thirteentli century didactic and narrative poems; in the second part, the cuadcnia via structure is broken liy the songs, prayers, and laments in various lyric measures, which are scattered here and there throughout. Much interest attaches to the liimado de Palacio because of the pictures which it gives of the customs of the age. In his lyrics Ayala adopted the Provengal manner. Consult the edition of the liimado in vol. Ivii. of the ISibliotc- ca de autores espafioles (Madrid, 1864) ; that of his Cronicas in Llaguno Amirola's Cronicas es- paiiolas (Madrid, 1879) and in Rosell's Cronicas de los reyes de Castilla (Madrid, 1875-78) ; Floranes, Vida literaria de P.L.de Ayula, in the Colecci/in de documentos ineditos, vols. ,ix. and x.. ; M. Men^ndez y Pelayo. Antoloc/ia de poetas Uricos casiellanos (Madrid, 1890 11'.. vol. iv. ); F. Wolf. SI lid i OK etc. (Berlin, 1859). LOPEZ DE RECALDE, da ra-kill'da, ISiGO. The original name of Ignatius of Loyola (q.v.). LOPEZ DOMINGTJEZ, do-men'gath, .Josfi (1825 — ). A Spanish general and politician, born at Marbella, Malaga. He entered the ar- tillery school at the age of sixteen, joined the army as lieutenant in 1850. and became ('olonel (1860) after service in Italv and Africa. Dep- uty for Mfilaga (1860-67), at the dissolution of the Cortes he returned to military service as aide-de-camp to his uncle, Marshal Serrano, through ■whose influence he became brigadier- general, secretary to the Provisional Govern- ment, and field-marshal. For his aid in sup- pressing the Carlist iiprising (1873) he was promoted lieutenant-general (1874), and lie took his seat as Deputy once more under Alfonso XII.; was War Minister in 1883. again in 1893-95, and was made a marshal in 1895. LOPH'IODON (Neo-Lat., from Gk. XA^wi-, lophion, 'Kotpeiov. lopheion, diminutive of if>os, lophos, crest -|- i3ooi5s, odoits, tooth). A fossil ungulate mammal of the size of a rhinoceros, found in the lower and middle Eocene deposits of Europe. It is one of the early and generalized types of perissodactyls of odd-toed ungulates, and has some points of resemblance to the tapirs, to the ancestral stock of which it seems to have been indirectly related. LOPHOBKANCHII, I6f'6-bran'kl-i (Neo- I.nt. nom. pl., from Gk. os, lophofs, crest -+- Ppdyx'a, bronchia, gills). An order of osseous fishes, having the ultimate divisions of the gills not pectinated, but arr.anged in small tufts in pairs along the branchial arches. There is noth- ing like this in any other fishes, and the order is regarded by Jordan as representing "the extreme of degradation of the line of descent composed of the Hemibranchii and Lophobranchii." The fishes of this order are few, mostly of small size, angular form, and peculiar aspect. The gill- cover is large, and the gill-opening is a small hole. The snout is elongated and tubular. The order includes the sea-horses, pipefishes, etc., forming the suborder Syngnathi and family Syngnathid*. LOQUAT, ir/kwat (from Canton Chin, hikicat. from Ink. a rush, kitih, orange), Eriohotrya jo- ponico. A Chinese and .Japanese fruit, of the natural order Rosaceoe, introduced in subtropical climates, and becoming popular in California r.nd Florida. The tree or shrub which produces it is an evergreen, which attains a height of 20 or 30 feet, but in cultivation is seldom allowed to exceed 12 feet. It has large oblung wrinkled leaves; fragrant white (lowers in terminal woolly panicles; downy oval or pear-shaped yellow fruit about an inch in diameter; and seeds of an agreeable flavor, which they impart to tarts. During the closing years of the nineteenth cen- tury several improved varieties were produced in California. LOBAIH, 16-ran'. A city in Lorain County, Ohio, 25 miles west of Cleveland, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Black Kiver, and on the Cleveland, Lorain and Wheeling and the New York, Chicago and Saint Louis railroads (Map: Ohio, F 3). It is in a natural-gas region; is the outlet for the central Ohio coal-fields; ships, from a fine harbor, large quantities of coal, lum- ber, iron ore, and grain; and has important in- dustrial interests, including steel-works, fimn- dries. automatic shovel-works, a ship-building plant, stove-works, brick-works, etc. There is a public library. Lorain was chartered as a city of the second class in 1896, its government being vested in a mayor, elected every two years, a unicameral council, and administrative o(Ii- cials as follows: Police force, appointed by the executive with the council's consent; board of health, elected by the council ; and marshal, board of education, and water-works trustees, chosen by popular election. The city owns and operates the water- works. Population, in 1890, 4863; in 1900, 16,028. LOBCA, lOr'kti (Lat. Eliocrocu). A city in the Province of Murcia, Spain, 38 miles west of Cartagena, on the right bank of the Sangonera, picturesquely situated on an eminence crowned by a fortified castle commanding a magnificent view (Map: Spain, E 4). It consists of an old Moorish town with narrow streets and half- ruined palaces on the hill-slope, and a modern section in the plain. It is a flourisliing town with Hour and textile mills, saltpetre and powder works, and mines of sulphur, lead, and silver. In order to retain the surplus waters of the Sangonera for agricultural use in the dry season, an immense reservoir, one of the largest in Europe, has been constructed by means of a dam 800 feet long and 160 feet high. This dam was broken through in 1802, causing a terrible inun- dation of the valley, attended with great loss of life. Population, " in 1887, 58,327 ; in 1900, 09,910. LOR'CHA (perhaps a corruption of Port. lanciia, pinnace). A small sailing vessel common in the Philippines and surrounding islands. It is built like a European or American vessel, and was formerly rigged .somewhat like a Chinese junk (q.v.), but many are now rigged like two- masted schooners. LORD (AS. Moford. from hUif. loaf + u-card. keeper). A title given in Great Britain to per- sons noble by birth or by creation. Peers of the realm are" so styled; the lay peers are known as lords temporal.' the archbishops or bishops who are members of tJie House of Lords as lords spiritual. Bv courtesy, the title lord is given to the eldest sons of dukes, marquises, and earls, and to the vounger sons of dukes and marquises. Certain officials, e.g. of the Treasury and Admi- ralty, while collectively called lords in virtue of their office, are not so addressed personally. See