Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/501

* LONGXJEVILLE. 443 LONS-LE-SAUNIEB. -as a woman of siiij^ular bcautj' and charm, and among her many admirers was the Duke do la Rochefoucauld, autlior of the Maximes, who exer- cised a marked inllucnce upon her character and developed llie political ambition which there- after directed her career. She became one of the leading spirits in the I'rondc. When her hus- band and brothers were arrested and imprisoned by the (^ucen liet'cnt, Anne of Austria, in Jan- nary. liJ'iO. she attcnii>ted to bring about a ris- ing in Xormandy against Jlazarin, but failed. She made her escape and went to Stenay, where she induced Turenne to turn against the Court and compel the release of the jjrisoners. For a short time she ri'turned to the social circle that gathered at the Hotel Rambouillet; but her brothers. Conde and Conti. having again broken with the ilazarin Government, slie joined them at Bourges and ljordeau.. The party, however, fell asunder and the Duchess returned to Paris, pardoned through the efforts of her husband. After the death of the latter, in 10G3, she lived in seclusion. She retired to the Convent of the Carmelites, was a friend of the Jansenists, and when their persecution was renewed, it was under her roof that the 'great Arnault' found shelter. Consult the admirable studies of Cousin, The Youth of Moddiiie dc Lonf/ueviUe, trans, from the French (New York, 1854) ; Mudame de Lon- gucviUe pendmit la Fronde (Paris. 1853) ; Cock, The Life of Madame de Lonciueville {Anne Gene- vieve dc Bourbon) (New York, 1S99). LON'GXJS (Lat., from Gk. AA77os)(flourished probably in second century A.D.). A Greek writer, proljably a native of Lesbos, the scene of his romance, Duphnis and Chloe (Ad(j>yis Kal XXdrj), which is a story of shepherd life, and, although marred by some passages rei)ulsive to modern taste, contains much that is charming. It en- joyed a great vogue, especially at the time of the Renaissance. It was edited by Hercher. ftcrip- torcn Erolici Grwci (Leipzig, 1858). There is an English translation by Smith, The Greek Ro- mnnccs of Hcliodorus, Lonyus, and Achilles Ta- lins (London. 1855). See also Daphnis and Chloe, The Elizabethan Version from Amyot's Translation hij Angel Da;/, licprinted from the vnique original and edited bi/ Joseph Jacobs (London. 1800) ; Rohde, Der (jrieehische Roman (2d ed.. Leipzig, 1900), pp. 531 ff. LONGr'VIEW. A town and the county-seat of Gregg County. Tex., 122 miles east of Dallas; on the International and Great Northern, the Texas and I'acific. and tlie Texas. Sabine Valley and N(U'thwestcrn railroads (Jlap: Texas, G 3). It has the principal oITices of the Texas, Sabine Val- ley and Northwestern Railroad, lumber-mills, a cottonseed-oil mill, foundry, and plow-works, and carries on an important trade in lumber, live stock, hides, etc. A mineral well in the vicinitv is noted for its medicinal properties. PtipuL-ition. in 1890. 2034; in 1000, 3591. LONG WALLS OF ATHENS. The walls cnnstructed B.C. 400-458 under Pericles, connect- ing Athens and the Pira-us. Their construction ■was suggested by Themistocles. and Cimon is said to have begun their foundation. The northern of the two walls was called the Piraic wall, the southern the Phaleric. They extended for a distance nf five miles between the two cities and ran parallel. 550 feet apart, branching out as they approached each town and joining the Vol. XII.— 29. city walls. They thus made of Athens and the Pirajus one city, imjiregnable as long as it re- tained its naval preeminence. Alter the Pelo- ponnesian War Lysandcr is said to have had them, together with the wall of the Piraus, pulled down to the sound of the ilute. They were restorcil by Conon, after the victory of Cnidus, and subsequently repaired at various times. They were finally demolished by Sulla. A third long wall has been assumed on the authority of a passage in Thucydidcs, l)ut no trace of its course has ever been discovered, and the statement prob- ably refers to the double Piraic wall. LONG'WORTH, Nicnoi..s (1783-18C3). An American horticulturist, born in Newark, N. J. When a young man he became a banker and mer- chant in Cincinnati, but took active interest in agricultural subje'cts. Especially is he noted for his efforts to establish grape-growing in the Ohio Valley. So successful was he that he has been called 'The Father of American Grape Cul- ture.' Not only was he a jiioneer and leading hoi'ticultural expert in his section, but was recog- nized as an authority in national horticultural matters. His writings, though individually short and now out of date, exercised a wide influence in his day. LONGWY, lO.N've'. A fortified town in the Department of Meurthe-et-JIoselle, France, 18 miles southwest of Luxemburg, near the Belgian frontier (Map: France, ^12). It consists of two parts, Longwy-IIaut. the upper and fortified town above the river Chiers, cununanding an extensive view, and Longwy-Bas, the lower town, with fac- tories and porcelain-works. In the vicinity are vahuible iron-mines. Longwy, called the 'Iron Gate of France,' has belonged to that country since 1078: it was taken bv the Prussians in 1792, in 1815, and in 1871. Population, in 1901, 9235. LONIGO, lo-nO'go. A district town in the Province of Vicenza, Italy, situated on the river CUia and on the Verona-Venice Railway line, 14 miles soutlwcst of Vicenza (Map: Italy, F 2). It has two interesting mediaeval towers and a palace. The chief products are hemp, grain, wine, and some textiles. A very important fair is held at Lonigo from March 20th to 29th. Population, in 1001, 10.403. LONNKOT, len'rot, Eli.s (1802-84). A Fin- nisli jiliihilogist, born at Sammatti in Western Nvland. He studied medicine and practiced for several years, but always devoted the best of his effort to linguistic study and to the collection of tlie old Finnish pi)ular poetry. In 1S53 he was appointed to the chair in Finnish in the Univer- sity of Ilelsingfors, but resigned in 1802. Lunn- rot edited: Kantele (1829-31), containing an- cient and modern folk-songs; Kalcrala (1835), which to him as collector owes its existence as an integral epic: a collection of minor lyrics, Kanteletar (1840); Finnish proverbs. Sanalas- Icuja (1842), and riddles, Arvoituksia (1844); and wrote: Om det nordlschudixl.a sprakct (1853); Flora Fennica (1860): and the great work. FinsKt-srenskt Icxikon ( 1874-80). Con.sult: Ahlqvist. E. Lonnrot (Helsingfors. 1884): Ner- vander, Frdn E. LUnnrot Untidomstid pa Laukko (Helsingfors. 1894) ; and Comparetti, Der Kale- uala (Halle. 1S02K LONS-LE-SAUNIER, lON'-lc-sft'nyA'. The capital of the Department of Jura, France, situ-