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* LONGFELLOW. 437 LONGICOKN. LONGFELLOW, Samiel (l.Sl'J-92). A Uni- tarian cleigjman and hjmn-wriler. lie was born in Portland. Maine, graduated at Harvard University in 1S39, and at Haivard Divinity School in 184G ; became pastor of a church in Fall River, Mass., in 1848. and of the t^eooud Unitarian Church in Brooklyn, X. Y., in 1853; resigned the latter pastorate in 18C0, and went abroad. On his return to America he li.ed his residence at Cambridge. Mass.. and continued to preach in Unitarian pulpits, but assumed no pas- toral charge till 1878, when he became minister of the Unitarian church in Germantown, Pa. He resigned this pastorate in 1882, and returned to Cambridge. He contributed essays to The Rudi- cal ( 1866-71), and published, besides several vol- umes of hymns and poems, a Life of his brother, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (2 vols., 1880). and Final Memorials of Henry Wadsworth Longfelloic ( 1887 ). Constilt his Memoir by Joseph May (Boston, 1894 J. LONGFLN". A sea-fish of the family Cirrhiti- da; and genas Chilodactylus, allied to the sea- breams, and remarkable for a great extension of one of the middle rays of each pectoral fin. Several species are known in the south temperate seas, one of which (Chilodaetylus macropteriis) is an important food-fish both in Australia and at the Cape of CJood Hope, specimens sometimes weighing 25 pounds. Other species are the trumpeter-fish and butterfish (qq.v. ) of Xew Zealand. LONGTORD. An inland county of the Prov- ince of Leinster. Ireland, lying between Leitrim and Cavan on the north, Westmeath on the east and south, and Roscommon on the west ; area, 421 square miles (>iap: Ireland. D 3). The lands devoted to grazing predominate over arable lands. The industries include the manufacture of wool- ens and linen. The capital is Longford. Popula- tion, in 1841. 115,590; in 1901, 46,000. LONGFORD. Tlie capital of County Long- ford, Ireland. 75 miles west-northwest of Dublin, on the Camlin (Map: Ireland. D 3). It is a well-built town, connected with Dublin and Sligo by rail, and also with the former by the Royal Canal. It is the see of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnois, and the cathedral is a spacious, magnificent building of the Ionic order. There is also a Roman Catholic college. There are manufactures of brick and some trade in agricultural products. Popula- tion, in 1901. 3747. LONGHENA, ISn-ga'na, Baldassare (1604-' 82 I. The last of the great architects of the late Renaissance in Venice: the artistic successor of Ciiacopo Sansovino. Andrea Palladio. and Vin- cenzo Seamozzi. (See articles on these artists.) His long life correspon<ls with the period known in Italian architectural history by the various names of Baroque. .Jesuit, Borrominesque, etc.; a period characterized in general by a great de- cline in purity of taste and by extravagance, os- tentation, and sensationalism in architecture and sculpture and in decorative design generally. Amid this prevalent artistic debasement I.on- ghena maintained the purer traditions bequeathed him by the illustrious succession of great Vene- tian architects above named. His works are singularly correct and free from sensationalism, considering their period, and yet not without a certain opulence of eti'cct and grandeur of scale. The first of these appears to have been the Palazzo Pesaro (1644-50), in which the style of Ciiacopo Sansovino, as exemplified in the Libreria di San Marco and the Palazzo Corner de Ci Grande, is frankly followed. To the same date belong the monastic buildings of San Giorgio Maggiore. with a specially fine staircase. The Palazzo Rezzo- nico, completed in 1086 after his death, is a more sober design of great dignity, llis master- piece was the great domical Church of Santa Maria della Salute (1631). LONGHI, lon'ge, Alessa.ndro ( 1726-C.1790). An Italian painter and author, born in Venice. He was the son of Pietro Longhi (1702-02). a Venetian painter, and the pupil of Giuseppe Xo- gari. lie was a portrait painter and engraver, as well as the author jof Compendia delle vite dei famosi pittori veneziani di questo secolo (1703), with .steel engravings after his own plates. When the Venice Academy was founded he was one of the first members. LONGHI, Giuseppe (1700-1831). An Italian painter and line-engraver. He was born at Monza, in October, 1706, and was a pupil of Vicenzo ^'angelisti, a Florentine engraver, and of Giulio Travellesi, a Florentine painter. He also studied at the Brera, Milan, and in Rome, where he came under the influence of Raffaello Mor- ghen. On his return to Milan he gave consider- able time to miniature painting. He was elect- ed professor in the Academy of the Brera in 1798, and had many distinguished pupils. Xapoleon gave him a commission for an engraving of his portrait by Gros, and a portrait of Michelangelo Buonarotti : also the illustrations for a beauti- ful work. Fasti di Xapoleone il Grande, after designs by Appiani. The work was never com- pleted, but there are six fine plates by Longhi. He died at Milan, January 2. 1831. Among his best-known engravings are: "Bonaparte at Ar- cole." after Gros; "CJood Samaritan." ""The Phi- losopher," "Old Man." "Laughing Xegro." after Rembrandt; "Saint .Joseph Carrying the Infant Jesus." after Guido Reni ; "The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist." after Gerard Dou; "Lady Beauharnais and Child." after Sir Thomas Lawrence; "Genius of Music." after Guido Reni. in the Chigi Palace; portraits of Washington. Appiani. Xapoleon as King of Italy, and Francis I. of Austria. He wrote a Life of Michelangelo (1816]. and Tcoria di caleografia (Milan, 1830). Consult Sacchi, Biografia di Giuseppi Longhi (Milan, 1830). LONGHI, LCCA (1507-80). An Italian paint- er. l)orn at Ravenna. He seems to have been the pupil of Xiccolo Rondinelli. and enjoyed a high reputation during his lifetime, though he never worked outside of his native city. His most important painting is the fresco. "The Mar- riage at Caria" (in the refectorv of the old Cam- aldolensian Convent), which was finished by his son Francesco. Other pictures by him are in the .cademy of Fine Arts, and in several of the Ravenna churches. LONGHORN CATTLE. See Cattxe. LONGICORN, or Loxr-Horn-ed Beetle. . beetle of the family Cerambycida> (q.v.). remark- able for its very long antenn.-p. They arc moder- ate, sometimes of large size, elongated form, and usually bright colors. They are beetles of the forests, and are especially fitted for climbing.