Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/47

LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. and has organized a university extension de- partment. It has a library of 19.000 volumes. Us productive endowment in 1902 was .$:i.')0,000, its income $.3.5.000. the value of its huildinjjs $171,000. and the total property under its control was estimated at $.3.55,000.

LAWRENCEVILLE SCHOOL. An endowed pre])aratury school for boys at Lawrenceville, X. .1., incorporated in 1S82. The present school, on the .John C. Green Foundation, absorbed the pro])erty of an earlier school, 'founded in 1810. There are five forms. In the last two years clectives are allowed. The buildings include twelve masters' houses, two houses for the senior class, a large recitation-hall with an auditorium and a library of 5200 volumes, a cha])cl. and a gj'ninasium. The campus occupies 2.50 acres. The school had in 1903 a teaching force of 32 and aliout 400 students.

LAW REPORTS. See Reports.

LAWS AND USAGES OF WAR. A code of law governing the conduct of civilized warfare. It has special reference to the treatment of pris- oners, non-combatants, spies, traitors, private property, rights of capture, occupation and con- quest, l)loclcades, rights and obligations of neu- trals. Red Cross, etc. Many of the clauses of the code liave been approved and agreed to by international conventions, while others have be- come sanctioned by long usage and the demands of civilization. See War; I>terx.tioxal Law. LAW SCHOOL. A school, or institution of learning, where students are taught the knowl- edge of the law. The term is used loosely to include any organization devoted to this end, wlietlier an incorporated highly organized body such as many modern law schools, or a simple private school for such instruction. See Legal EnucATiox.

LAW'SON, Cecil Gordon (1851-82). An English painter, born at Wellington, .Sliropshiro. He was a pupil of his father. William Lawson. a Scotch portrait painter, and had some instruc- tion from his brother Wilfred, but was mainly self-taught. He had exhibited for eight years before his works were finally appreciated, but in 1878 the "Minister's Garden" won immediate recognition. W. M. Rossetti says that Lawson "has three precious qualities— strength, sweet- ness, and sentiment." Other works by him. nearly always of English subjects, are: "The Hop Gardens of England," and "In the Valley, a Pastoral." Consult: Gosse, Cecil Lainsoii. a Mimoir (London, 1883).

LAWSON, John {?-1712). An American Coloiiinl ollicial and writer. Seeking adventure, he came to Carolina from England in September, 1700. and landed at Charleston. Thence he made the trip on horseback to the settlements on the Xeuse, in the Northern Colony. On the way he kept a journal describing minutely the country, the settlers, the Indians, animals, and plants. Soon he was made surveyor-general of the Colony, and explored much territory before unknown. He published: .4 yrir ^'ol|nrJr to Cnrolina. CoiiUiiiiiiip Ihe Exact Description and Xntiiral Hislori/ of Hint Country, togrther irith the Prcfsent Ktate Thereof: and a .Journal of a Tliounnnd Miles Travel'd thro' Several y'ations of Indians, Giv- ing a Particular Account of Their Cuntoms. Manners, dc. (London. 1709). His activity aroused the anger of the Indians, who saw the resulting encroachment on their territory. In 1711, in company with Baron de Grallenried (q.v.), the head of the settlement of German Palatines and Swiss on the lower Neuse. he made a trip up the river, and was captured by the Tusearora Indians. After a time De (irallenried was set free, but Lawson, who had quarreled with a petty chief, was executed, according to common belief, by having his body stuck full of I)ine splinters, which were then set on fire.

LAWSON, Sir Wilfrid (1829—). An Eng- lish baronet, legislator, and temperance advocate. He was the son of Sir Wilfrid Lawson, of Aspatria, Cumberland, and early came into prominence in connection with his labors in the cause of total abstinence. In 1859 he was elected member of Parliament for Carlisle, and in 1804 introduced into the House of Commons a "Bill for the legislative suppression of the liquor traffic." In consequence of this measure, which failed to pass, he lost his .seat in Parliament in the following year. On his father's death, in 1867, he succeeded to the family title and estates, and in 1868, as a follower of ilr. (iad- stone. was again returned to Parliament for Carlisle. He represented that city until 1885, in the meanwhile having the satisfaction of see- ing his Local Option IJill pass by a majority of twentv-six votes in 1880, a success repeated in 1881 and 1883. After a defeat by ten votes in the preceding year, in 1880 Sir Wilfrid was elected by a large majority to represent the Cockermouth Division of Cumberland in Parlia- ment as a Gladstonian Liberal. He was again returned in 1892 and in 189.5, but in 1900 lost his seat by 109 votes. Sir Wilfrid was elected the president of the United Kingdom Temper- ance .lliance.

LAWSONIA. An African and Asiatic shrub, the flowers of which are used as a cosmetic. See Henna.

LAW TERMS. The usual law terms in Eng- land and Ireland are those periods of the year during which the law courts sit in banc or in full court to dispose of business. These are of ancient origin, and are now fixed by statute as follows: Hilary term begins .January 11th, ends .January 31st: Easter term begins April 15th, ends iiay Sth : Trinity term begins Jlay 22d, ends .June 12th: Michaelmas term begins No- vember 2d. ends Xovember 25th.

LAW'TON, Henry Ware (1843-99). An American soldier, born in Lucas County. Ohio. He served with the volunteers on the Union side in the Civil War, and rose to the rank of brevet colonel. After the war he was appointed second lieutenant in the Forty-first Infantry, was transferred to the Twenty-fourth Infantry in 1869, and to the Fourth Cavalry in 1871. His operations in the West against the Indians, especially against Geronimo. were eminently successful, and by gradual promotion he attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel and inspector-general in 1889. In the war with Spain he was commissioned brigadier-general, and was in command of the Second Division of the Fifth Corps in the operations against Santiago. His leadership in the action at El Caney on .July 1. 1S9S. was characterized by skill arid gallantry, and after the fall of Santiago, he was promoted to be major-general, and received command of the Department of San-