Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/450

* LODGING-HOUSES. 398 LODZ. dry. Large, wcllcijuipped reading, writing, and game rooms are provided. The enterprise has paid a fair return on the capital invested. Boston. New York, Chioago. and other cities have establislied municipal lodging-hoases, where those who cannot pay for shelter may obtain lodging and breakfast in return for a few hours of labor, usually sawing and splitting wood. An agent investigates the stories of the men and assists in securing regular cnipIojTnent. Xo one may remain more than two or three nights con- secutively without a good excuse. In several cities, as Philadelphia and Xew York, similar institutions are maintained by charity organiza- tion societies, Salvation .rniy, etc. In some of the b'alvation Army shelters a charge of ten cents is made for lodging in a dormitory, and fifteen cents for a separate room, bread and coiTee being furnished for breakfast. Most of the British municipalities have lodg- ing-hou.ses. On the Continent Paris conducts three establishments (nfiigcs de nuit) alisolute- ly free to lodgers, giving soup at night and bread in the morning and assisting in finding em- ployment. In Germany there are many ])rivate institutions, often carrying on some simple man- ufacture (brooms, etc.), at which homeless men and women may find shelter and a chance to Avork. The Christhehe Hospize in the larger cities provide comfortable shelter at very low cost to working men. See IIousoo PnonLEM. Consult: Cluirities licricw. vol. i., pp. 2'2-2U( New York, periodical) ; "Model Lodging-Houscs." Itc- rieic of lievieics (January, 1897); "Floating Populations," .l»)i«/s of the American Academy of Ifocial and Political f-cic»ce. vol. x. ; Riis, The Child nil of the Poor (Xew Y'ork, 1802). LODGINGS. Furnished rooms or apartments ■which are let to such persons as are satisfactory to the proprietor by special agreement, and in ■which the lodger gets no property right or in- terest, but merely the privilege of use and occupa- tion under the terms of his contract. The rela- tion of landlord and tenant does not exist be- tween a keeper of lodgings and a lodger. One of the important distinctions is that a lodger has merely a personal action for breach of contract against the. proprietor of the lodgings in case the latter evicts him contrary to their agreement, and in the absence of statute is not entitled to notice to quit; whereas a tenant can enforce his property rights by an action to recover the actual ])ossession of the premises if he is wrongfully evicted by his landlord or any other person. I'nless particular rooms or apart- ments are specially designated in the agreement between the proprietor and a lodger, the latter may be assigned or changed to any room in the same house of the general character and class as that for which he bargained. The proprietor of lodgings is not obliged to receive cverj- per- son who applies to him, but may select his lodgers as he sees fit, and make such terms as may be satisfactory to both narties. irrespec- tive of his terms as to other lodgers. He is not absolutely responsible for the baggage and ef- fects of his lodgers, but is only liable to take the ordinai-y care of them which a reasonable person ■would take of his o«n goods. In the absence of statute he has no lien on the property of the lodgers in his house for the amount due him. but in Xew Y'ork and several other jurisdictions, lodging-house and boarding;house keepers possess such a lien. In the above respects a pro- prietor of a lodging-house differs from an inn- keeper, who is bound to receive all proper persons who apply for meals and lodgings, and who is an absolute insurer of the safety of tlu- baggage and other eilects of his guests. The keeper of a lodging-house has the legal posses- sion, care, and custody of his whole house and every room; and it has been held that a lodger could not maintain an action against a stranger who invades his room, as that right is in thr' proprietor. The same rules apply where tli. owner of a private house lets out one ron; as where a house is exclusively devoted to t'.i purpose. A lodging-house differs from a board ing-house in that no meals are furnished to thi- lodgers as such. Boarders are, however, usually lodgers also, and therefore the former term i- popularly employed to designate one who is en titled to meals and lodgings at the same house. .See BO.RDING-HoI"SE ; IXN", iNXKEEPEn : I,.Xi)l.OBn AND Tex.v.xt; Liex; and consult l!i autliorities referred to under Coxtr.ct; Bail MEXT, etc. LODI, lo'de. A city in the Province of Milan. Italy. 20 miles southeast of the city of Milan, on the Adda (Map: Italy. D 2). It "lias a c:itlu- dral erected in 1158. containing numerous sculp- tures, and the fine Church of the Incoronata, an edifice in the Renaissance style, and adorned with valuable paintings by (T'ali.sto Piazza da Lodi. The district is one of the most extensive cheese-prodneing centres in the world; the manu- factures include linen and woolen goods, silk, and cement. Here, on the 10th of -May, )7!»ii. Xapolpon gained his celebrated victory over the Austrians which gained for France the posse- sion of Lonibardy. Population, in IflOl (com- mune), 27.811. LODOME'EIA. The Latin name of a media val Slavic jirincipality. whose history forms part of that of Galicia. See G.^licia. LODZ, 16j. The capital of the district of Lodz, in the Government of Piotrkow, and next to 'arsaw the most important town in Russian Polan<l. It is .situated on the Ludka. 87 miles by rail southwest of Warsaw, and occupies with it - recently incorporated suburbs an area of nearly II square miles (Jlap: Russia, A 4). It is pri- marily a manufacturing city, devoid of any archi- tectural beauty. It is well supplied with educa- tional institutions, which include two gymnasia. a technical institute, three theatres, and several libraries. In the manufacturing of textiles Loil;^ holds the foremost position in Russian Polaml. The industry is of comparatively recent orisiiii. the first textile mills having been founded there in ISl.T. At present there are at Lodz upward of 400 establishments, employing more than 40.- 000 persons, and having an annual output valued at $35,000,000. Cotton goods and woolens are the principal products, but there are also manu- factured linen, silk goods, machinery, boilers, etc. The textile industry is chiefly in the hands of the Germans, to whom the city is mainly indebt- ed for its present position. In I860 Lodz had only 32.G00 inhabitants: in 18S5. 113,41.'!; and in 1897 it increased its pojmlation by the annexa- tion of the manufacturing suburbs to 31.5.200, The majority of the inhabitants are Giermans or of German " descent. The Jews number over