Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/434

* LOCOMOTIVE. DiUENeiONS, ETC. 384 LOCOMOTIVE. OF Early English Locomotives Trprithick'8... Murray's Mtirray's ileilley's Stepheiisou*8., Stei>tieuson's.. Koyal (Jeorge Ko.val George ItDcket Sainparell •... Novelty t Phoenix i Arrow t Railway Merthyr-Tydvil Mlddleton Mlddleton Wylam Killiugworth Klllingworth Stockton and Darlington.. Stockton and Darlington.. Liverpool and Manchester. Liverpool and Manchester. Liverpool and Manchester. Liverpool and Manchester. Liverpool and Manchester. Date 1804 1811 1829 1813 1811 1815 1827 1829 1829 1829 1829 Weight exclusive of tender, tons 6V2 VA, 11 11 4% 2 7-10 Diameter ot cylinders, inches (one) 8 (two) 8 (two) 8 (two) 11 (two) 11 (two) 8 (two) 7 (two) 6 (two) 11 (two) 10 Length of stroke. inches 24 24 20 20 16V4 18 n 10 16 Diameter ot driving wheels, ft. ins.

BV4 6 2

Area of Are grate, square ft. 6 10 1.1 6 6 NAME Railway Date Area of (Ire-box surface. sq.ft. Area of flue or tube surface Gross load drawn exclusive of engine Speed in miles per hour Con- sumption of fuel per hour, lbs. Evapo- ration of water per hour, cu. ft. 1804 1811 1829 1813 1811 1815 1827 1829 1829 1829 1829

10 11V4 26" IS. 7 20 20 15 94 140 40 60 130 72 12^4 UVt . 8 41% 35 Mi B 3% 3 6 6 5 11 13.8 13.8 16 10 12 coal 293 coke 214 coke 323 coke 221 Mlddleton HflllfV'8 Wvlam 20 29H Stephenson's Koyal George Royal Oeorge 16 Stockton and Darlington Stockton and Darlington Liverpool and Manchester Liverpool and Manchester Liverpool and Manchester Liverpool and Manchester Liverpool and Manchester 117% 74. G 33 306 289 ISM Sauspareil* 34.4 Arrow J 44 • Submitted In Liverpool and Manchester trials by T. Hackworth. f Submitted in Liverpool and Manchester trials by John Ericsson. J Built for Liverpool and Manchester Ry. by Stephensons as result of success of Rocket. 1830. Before the Planet had left Newcastle, how- ever. Edward Bary. of Liverpool, had phieed an inside cylinder engine designed by Mr. Kennedy, his shop foreman and subsequent partner, on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. This engine, known as the Liverpool, had four wheels of the then great diameter of six feet. The cylinders were placed nearly horizontally and side by side; the boiler contained a number of convoluted flues, and tile fire was urged by bellows worked from beneath the tender. The Liverpool commenced working on July 22, 1830. Of the three loco- motives the Globe, the Liverpool, and the Planet, the last was the only one which combined hori- zontal inside cylinders, a cranked axle, and a multitubular boiler. The Planet was the proto- type of the modern English locomotive, and in it the locomotive engine assumed a definite and per- manent form. It was the standard model of the locomotives built by the Stephensons for many years, and also the model from which both Brit- ish and American engineers copied freely and minutely. The main dimensions of the Planet were as follows: Weight, loaded, 9 tons; weight of tender, 4 tons; cylinders, 11 X 16 inches; di- ameter of driving wheels, 5 feet : diameter of leading wheels, 3 feet; length of boiler, 6 feet; diameter of boiler, 3 feet ; fire-box heating sur- face. 3714 square feet: number of tubes, 129; diameter of tubes, 1% inches; tube heating sur- face, 370 square feet : net load hauled. 76 tons at a maximum speed of l.^iv. miles per hour. To summarize briefly, the three inven- tors who stand highest in the long roll of those who have developed the railway locomotive are Richard Trevithick. Timothy Hackworth. and George Stephenson. As a true inventor Trevi- thick ranks first; as a noted authoritv well remarks, "it was he who first broke through the trammels of Watt's system of construction and low, if not negative pressure; it was he who first employed the internal fire-place and internal heating surface ; he was the first to create or promote a chimney draught by means of exhaust steam — the first to employ a hori- zontal cylinder and cranked axle, and to propo.se two such cylinders with the cranks at right angles to each other, the first to surround the cylinder with hot air, the first to draw a load by the adhesion of a smooth wheel upon a smooth iron bar, and the first to make and work a rail- way engine." Notwithstanding this note of its merits, Trevithick's genius was of an imprac- ticable kind, and the practical engineering and business ability of Hackworth and Stephenson were necessary to develop the locomotive into a practical commercial machine. Hackworth stamped a character upon the structure of the locomoti-e engine which it still retains, while it is as the champion in that great contest against the ignorance and prejudice of the public which finally made the steam locomotive the unchal- lenged means of motive power for railways, that the name of George Stephenson must ever shine above the others. The development of the locomotive engine in America dates from 1830, when the Best Friend, designed by Adam Hall, and built at the West Point Foundry in New York City, was put at work on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Loco- motives had been previously used on American railways, but they were imported from England, while the Rext Friend was of American construc- tion and design. The Peat Friend had a vertical tubular boiler, carried at one end of a horizon- tal platform or frame, while the cylinders were