Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/422

* LOBSTER. 372 LOCHES. mission will be able lo maintain a reasonable supply of lobsters along the New England coast. Lobsters are caught chiefly by means of 'traps' made of lalhs and stout cord, into wluch they are beguiled by a piece of meat or lisli. These traps are usually three or four feet long and capable of containing a number of lobsters. They are set in water ranging from five to six up to thirty fathoms or even more, and are visited everv two or tlirce days, if the weather permits. From the traps the lobsters are taken to floating cages, called cars, where they are kept until enough arc gathered to warrant a shipment. Biulioi;k.piiy. Herrick. The Amrricnit Lob- ster: A Study of Its Habits ami Unrlopment (Wasliington, 1S!»5) ; Bumpus, "The Embryology of (lie American Lobster," in Journal of Mor- phology, vol. v. (Chicago, 1891) ; Annuul Report of Commissioners of Inland Fisheries of lihode Isiand (Providence, R. I., 1900-02). LOBWORM (from lob, probably from Welsh Hob, dull + uorm), or Liuworm. A cluetopod worm (Arcnicola piscatorium) used by British anglers as a bait, it lives in deep burrows hol- lowed out of the sand on the seasliore, eating its way and passing the sand through the alimentary caiial to extract whatever nutriment it may con- tain. It has a large head witluiut eyes or jaws, a sliort proboscis, and tliirtccii pairs of gills, placed on each side of the middle of the body. It readies a length of nearly a font. Another spe- cies [Arcnicola eustatum) is found on the coast •of Eastern Xorth America, and others on the Pa- cific Coast. LOCAL ACTION. See 'oLT.iic Cell, or B.T- TERY. LOCALITY (Lat. locolilan, from loealis, re- lating to place, from locus, [ilace), Perceptio.x of. If we are touched upon some part of the skin, we are conscious of a pressure, which is definitely localized. Similarly, the various objects in the field of vision possess a definite position. Again, we are able to describe the position of our limbs when they are entirely concealed from our view. In other" words, pres.sure, color, and articular (joint) sensations are interpreted not only as cutaneous and articular pressures and colors, but also as pressures and colors at a particular place; they are somehow 'localized' in objective space. The problem of the perception of locality consists in a determination of the accuracy of localization, and an explanation of the conditions of its operation. The accuracy of cutaneous localization is de- termined by touching the skin of the observer with a pencil. On the removal of the pencil, the observer endeavors, with closed eyes, to place his own pencil upon the stimulated spot. On the wrist, the average error of localization is from 5 to 10 mm. The accuracy of cutaneous localization within one and the same area (the 'limen of separation') is determined by the simultaneous ap]jlication of two points upon the skin. (See Exten.sion ; LlMEX.) The fineness of the visual perception of locality is measured by the minimal visual extent. The 'movement limen.' or the least noticeable differenre in the position of a limb, depends upon the joint at which the movement takes place. The larger joints have, as a rule, smaller movement limens; the shoulder discriminates a difference in the position of the hand better than does the elbow; the hip is noticeably more sensitive than the ankle (.5° and 1' respectively). Auditory impressions are also localized; but, since sounds do not themselves possess the spatial attribute, extension (q.v.), our judgment of the direction whence they come is eltected indirectly by a process of 'associative supplementing.' (See Association of Ideas.) By experience, definite tactual and visual space positions become iiiti mately associated to definite corresponding intcn sive differences in the auditory impressions of the two ears. For the perception of locality in the third dimension, see Distance, or Depth. Consult: Kuclpe, Outlines of I'sycholofiy, trans- lated (New York, 1895) ; Lotze, Medizinische I'sychologie (Leipzig, 1852); Titcliener, An Out- line of i'sycholoyy (Xew York, 1899) : Wundt. I'hysiologische I'sychologie (Leipzig, 1893). LOCAL OPTION. A system of local control of the liipior traflie. See Temperance. LOCAL RANK. A temporary rank or grade bestowed in tlic British Army, during war, which permits an officer of junior absolute rank to ])erforni duties of a much higher or relative rank. The rank is temporary, and holds good only in that army, commanded at the time by the com- mander-in-chief who grants it, but must be con- firmed by the Secretary of State for Wnv, LOCARNO, lokar'n6 (Ger. Luggarus). A town in the Canton of Tieino, Switzerland, on the north shore of Lake Maggiore (q.v.) at the mouth of the ilaggia. It is connected by a branch railway with the main line of the Saint Gotthard system and by regular steamboat ser- vice in summer with Arona iq.v. ). The pilgrim- age Church of Madonna del Sasso contains paint- ings of interest, and on September 8th occurs the great festival of the Nativity of the Virgin. Locarno, mentioned in history as early as 780. came into the possession of ililan in 1340. and was ceded to the Swiss in 1512. Its development was arrested by the expulsion of the Protestants in lao.l. The "poinilation (mostly Catholic Ital- ians) is almost 3200. LOCHABER (loK-a'ber) NO MORE. A song by Allan Ramsay, first published in his Tea Table Miscellany, a collection of English and Scotch songs. The air. for which a Scotch origin has been claimed, is probalily Irisli. and appears as "The Irish Inne" in Thomas Duffct's New Poems, Hongs, Prologues, and Epilogues (Lon- don, 1670). It was also known as "King .James's Jlarch to Dublin." The melody is attributed in Bunting's Ancient Music of Ireland to Myles Reilly of Killincarra. about lfi35. See Our Fa- miliar Songs (New York, 1901). LOCHES, losh. An ancient town in the De- partment of Indre-et-Loire. France, situated on the left bank of the Indie. 29 miles by rail south- east of Tours (Map: France. G 4). Its chief point of interest centres in its old castle, built by Charles VII., and now used for administrative purposes. One of the towers still contains the iron cages which held many famous prisoners during the reign of Louis XI. The castle also contains the tomb of Agnes Sorel. the mistress of Charles VII. The town hall, a Renaissance build- ing of the sixteenth century, and the collegiate Church of Saint Ours (tenth to twelfth century) are also noteworthy. Loches produces some textiles and trades in agricultural products.