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* LINCOLN COLLEGE. 287 LINDAU. Davenant, the poet Robert ilontgomery, ^lark Pattison, John Morley, and James Cotter Mori- son. LINCOLN GKEEN. A color associated with the cloths for which Lincoln, England, was once lamous. LINCOLN MONUMENT. A monument in the Oak Ridge Cemetery of Springfield, 111., marking the burial-place of Abraham Lincoln. It was erected in 1874 at a cost of over $200,000, and consists of a granite structure of imposing dimensions, surmounted at a height of 120 feet by a bronze statue of the martyr President. LIN'COLNSHIRE. A maritime coimty of England, tlic second largest in the country, bounded north by Yorkshire, cast by the North Sea (Map: England, F .3). Area, 26.38 square miles. The surface generally is flat, a large part protected by embankments lying below the level of the sea. and forming part of the Bedford Level (q.v. ). The county is divided into three dis- tricts: Lindsey on the northeast, on which are the Lincoln Wolds or Chalk Hills. Kesteven on the west, and Holland on the south. The chief rivers are the Trent, Witham, Welland, and the Humber. which separates the county from Yorkshire on the north. The soil is fertile, and agriculture is in an advanced state; stock-raising is a thriving industry, and there are important fisheries. Capital. Lincoln. Population, in 1801, 472.878: in 1901. 498.780. LINCOLN'S INN. One of the four great guilds or societies of lawj'ers in England, known as inns of court, which enjoy the exclusive power of calling persons to the bar. It derives its name from the fact that the group of buildings in London occupied by it belonged to the Earl of Lincoln in the reign of Edward IL It became an inn of court soon after his death in 1310. See Inns of Coi'rt. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. A great square in London near the Courts of .Justice, laid out by Inigo Jones, and named from Lincoln's Inn, which stands on the east side of the square. The Royal College of Surgeons faces the square on the south and the Sloane iluseum on the north. The place was formerly notorious as a resort of beggars and thieves, and was the scene of a number of executions for political offenses. LINCOLN UNIVERSITY. See James Mn,- I.IKEX University. LINCRUS'TA-WALTON (Neo-Lat., from Lat. lininti, flax + cnista, crust, hard surface). An embossed wall-covering, designed as a substi- tute for wallpapers, natural woods, or plaster modeling. It was named for its inventor. Freder- ick Walton. The material consists of linseed oil with which is mixed wood-fibre, cork, cel- lulose, paper, or other thickening substance. The mixture after being treated chemically is made into sheets, which are then backed with light canvas and stamped in an ornamental pattern. It is waterproof, warm, and washable. The orig- inal color is light brown or gray, but when mounted on the wall it may be painted, bronzed, or gilt. The figures may be stamped in high re- lief with striking effect. Lincrustra is really a variety of linoleum (q.v.). LIND, .Tennt (Madame GoLDScnMlDT) (1820- 87). A celebrated singer, popularly known as 'the Swedish Nightingale.' She was born at Stockholm of humble parentage. Her wonderful voice was first noticed by an actress, through whose influence she was afterwards admitted, at the age of nine, into the Stockholm Conservatory of Music, at which place she became the pupil o'f Crielius and Berg. Through the school of sing- ing attached to the Court theatre, she was en- abled to make her debut (1838) as Agathe, in Del- I'reiKchutz, in which her success was in- stantaneous. In 1841 she passed a period of nine months in .study with Manuel (iarcia in Paris. In Berlin (1844), where she had gone to study German, she sang the role of Vielka in ^Meyerbeer's Feldlager in Hcldesien. In .April. 184,5, she made an extensive tour throughout Continental Europe, during which she met with unequaled success, her singing at the Leipzig Cewandhaus firmly establisliing her reputation, and .securing for her an engagement for the Vienna Opera. Her first appearance in England was in 1847. From 18.50 to 1852 she made a tour of the United States, which was as successful from the financial point of view as it was from the artistic. She was married in Baston in 18.52 to Otto Goldschmidt, who wa.s conducting the Bach Choir. After her return to Euro|K' she lived for a few years at Dresden, and afterwanls settled in London. Her last public appearance was at Diisseldorf at the festival of the Lower Rhenish Musical Society in 1870. Possildy no other stage arti.st has been as popular through- out the world for her personal qualities as .Tenny Lind. She was widely known for her generosity. Her voice was a soprano of bright, brilliant, thrilling, and .sympathetic quality, her principal accomplishment being an unrivaled mastery of coloratura. She invariably improvised her own cadenzas, which were always in exquisite taste. She died at Stockholm. A bust of .lenny Lind was imveiled in Westminster Abbey in 1894. Consult: Rockstro and Holland, Jeniti/ f.iiid. the Artist (London. 1891): Rockstro and Gold- schmidt. Jenny Lind, Her Vocal Art and Culture (London. 1894). LINDAU, lin'dou. An ancient town of Ba- varia, in Swabia. situated on an islet at the north- eastern end of Lake Constance (ilap: Bavaria, C 5). It is connected with the mainland by an old wooden bridge and a railway embankment. It has a good harbor with two lighthouses. The recently restored fifteenth-century Rathaus. with the museum of antiquities, and the ancient Ro- man tower are interesting structures. The edu- cat.i(mal institutions of Lindau include a Latin school dating from 1,530. a rcalschule. and a li- brary. There are extensive fisheries and an im- portant trade in agricultural ami dairs- products, iron and wood. Population, in 1900. 3853. Lin- dau is belived to occupy the site of the Caxtruin Tihcrii erected by the Romans against the Vin- delicians. The city is mentioned as early as 774 and in 1274 it was a free Imperial city. It joined the Schmalkaldic League in 1531. passed in 1804 to Austria, and in 1805 to Bavaria. LINDAU, Path, (1839—). A German dram- atist, novelist, and essayist, born at Magdcbiirg. He studied at Halle :ind Leipzig. He visited Paris, where he l>ecame deeply affected by the French literarj' spirit, and. returning to Germany in 1803. edited the Diisscldoiifr Zcitunn for a vear, went then to Berlin, and in 18(>6 to Elber- feld. where he edited the Elberfelder Zeitung. In 1869 he founded in Leipzig Das A>ue Blatt,