Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/312

* LIMPET. 280 L'INCARNATION. is common along the Xew England coast. Some of the limpets of warmer climates have very beautiful shells. A species found on the western coast of South America ha.s a shell a foot wide which is often used as a hasin. The name is often extended to other shells, especially of the related families Acma'id;e and Fissurellid:r (key- hole limpets) and the genus Cropidula (slipper limpets). The fresh-water snails of the genus Ancyclus are called 'fresh-water lini])ets.' from the-'shape of the sliell. Limpet-like shells are found fossil in rocks of all ages from the Cam- hrian upward, and many of the early forms cannot readily be distinguished from modern genera. The oldest is Scenella, a low conic shell with reticulate surface, found in the Cambrian, Pateacma-a, with a smooth low conic shell, is from the Upper Cambrian. The genera Patella and Acm^a occur from the Silurian upward; Metoptoma, with a straighth anterior margin, is a common Silurian to Carboniferous fossil, and Tryblidium, with a thi<k oval flattened shell marked by strong imbricating plates, is a curious Silurian form evidently evolved from some early limpet. LIMPKIN, or CofRLAX. A bird of tropical America, representing the family Aramida", which is intermediate in its characteristics between the rails and the cranes. Two species are known — Aramus scolopnccus of Eastern South America, and Aratnus pictii/s of Central America, the West Indies, and southern Florida, The Spanish people of that region call it 'viuda loea,' or mad widow, on account of "its sombre plumage, solitary habits, and peculiar crv," which is heard atni,'ht in a melancholy wail. It is a bird of the swamps, flics heavily and awkwardly, and feeds on frogs, aquatic insects, etc. See Plate of Ce..ks. etc. lilMPO'PO, Uri, or Cbocodile. A river in the eastern part of South Africa (Map: Orange River Colony, L 3). It rises a short distance west of Pretoria in the Transvaal Colony, and after a short course toward the northwest is joined by the Marico and forms from the point of junction the boimdarv line separating the Transvaal Colony from the Bechuanaland Pro- tectorate and Southern Rhodesia. AiU'r it leaves British territory it flows in a southeastern course through Portuguese East Africa and enters the Indian Ocean through Delagoa Bay. Its total length is about 1000 miles. In its upper course it flows through an elevated region and forms a number of rapids, while the portion in Portu- guese territory is chiefly through lowlands. The most important tributary is the Olifant. The Limpopo is navigable for about 250 miles from its mouth ; but its mouth is obstructed by sand- bars, and the river is not important for commerce. LIMTJLirS. See Kixg-Crab; MEno.sTOM.VT.. LINACRE, lin'a-ker, or LYNAKER, TnoM.s ( ?1460-1.524). An English humanist, physician, and divine, born at Canterbury-. He studied at Oxford, and became fellow of All Souls' College in 14S4. Shortly afterwards he went to Italy and devoted himself to the study of Latin. Oreek. natural philosophy, and medi- cine under the famous teachers of the day, and translated some of Galen's treati.ses. Returning to England, he received the degree of D.D. and the appointment of professor of physic from Oxford University; was called to the Court by Henry VII. and made physician and tutor to Prince Arthur: was subsequently physician to Henry VII.. Henry Vlll., and Princess Jlary. Later in life he gave up practice, took orders, and was made in 1,500 rector of Mershaiu and prel) end of Wells; in 1518 iircbend and in 1510 pre- centor in Vork Cathedral. His most celebrated works are his Latin translations from Galen, among which are: De Tcmperamentis 1 1521 ) ; Di Turiiilu Sanitate (1517): De Methodo Medendi (1519). His other works are a translation of Froclus de SphcEia ; De Einciidula Stnicluin Latiiti Sei-nwiiis (1524). He was buried in Saint Paul's Cathedral, where Dr. Caius erected a monument to his nu'mory. He rendered imj)or- tant service in promoting the .study of medicine, and was instrumental in founding the College of Physicians (1518), of which he was the first president. But his main title to remembrance rests upon scholarship and his connection with Erasmus and the other learned men who fostered classical learning in England. With Groeyn and Latimer he was among the first to teach Greek at Oxford, where Erasmus and Sii- Thomas Jlore were among his pupils. Consult his Life by Johnson, ed. Graves (London, 1835). LINARES, le-na'ras. A province of Chile, bounded by the Province of Talca on the north, the Republic of Argentina on the east, the Prov- ince of Xuble on the south, and Maule on the west. Area, 3588 square miles. It is mountain ous and well wooded, and has extensive tracts of grazing land. The chief occupations are stock raising and viticulture. The province is traversed through the centre bv the main railway line cif Chile. Population, iii 1895, 101,858. The capital is Linares. LINARES. The capital of the province of the same name in Chile (.Map: Cliile, C U). It is situated on a plain, 55 miles from the Pacific coast, and 85 miles northeast of Concepcion. It is an important commercial centre and station on the railroad running south from Santiago. Population. 9000. LINARES. A city of Spain, in the Province of .lain. 24 miles north of .Jaen. on a branch of the railroad between Cordova and Madrid (Map: Spain, D 3). It is an important mining town, the mines in the neighborhood producing an- nually 80,000 tons of argentiferous lead and cop- ]^er ores. In 1801 an elaborate plant for the ex- traction of the metals was built here and is considered one of the best in Europe. Besides this the town has lead and iron foiuidries. and manu- factories of powder, dvnamite, and rope. Popula- tion, in ISS7, 29,6n2:'in 1000, 25,566, LINARES, Jose Maria (1810-61). A Boliv- ian statesman, born in Potosf. He studied law, and soon after his admission to the bar began to take an active part in public life. He was ap- pointed one of the commissioners to frame a code of laws for Bolivia. In 1839 he was made Minister of the Interior, and he was afterwards Minister to Spain. In 1848 he was president of the Senate, and in 1857 he was elected to the Presidency. Unfortunately, he was unable to carry out the policy of reform and economy for which he was elected, and he was driven from office by a revnhition. L'INCARNATION, liix'kiir'na'sySN', JUrie DE, A French religieuse in America. See MabT OF THE IxCABXATION.