Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/31

* LAVERAN. 19 LAVINIUM. liospital at Metz (1841-dO), whence he returned to Algeria. At the Ecole Val de Grace he be- came professor of epidemiologj', physician in charge, and director. After acting as sanitary inspector of the Army of the Xortli in the Franco-Prussian War, he was for a time head of the military school at Montpellier; but in 1872 went back to Val de Grace. His great work, Traite des maladies ct des cpidrmirs dcs armcrs, published in 187-5 by his son, is largely supple- mented by his contributions to medical journals, and to the Dictionnaire eiwuclopcdique des sciences mcdicalcs. LAVEKAN", Charle.s Lons Alpiiox.se ( 1845 — ) . A French physician, the discoverer of the Plasmodium of malaria. He was born in Paris, the son of Charles Louis Laveran. He entered the School of Military Medicine at Strassburg in 1863, taking his degree in 1807. Six years later he was appointed professor at Val de Grace. In 187S he left for Algeria to investigate malarial fevers, and remained there until 188.3, when he returned to Val de Grace to occupy the chair of military hygiene and clinical medicine until 1894. He then held the post of director of the Eleventh Corps in the Army iledical Service, re- tiring in 1897. .Subsequently he became physi- cian-in-chief at the Lille Hospital, and a member of the French Academy of Medicine. He wrote several treatises on malaria, summarized in Traite des fievres pahistres (1884), which an- nounced the discovery of the hiematozoon of ma- laria, and obtained the Brcant prize. He also published: Traite des maladies et epidemies des armees (1875), written by his father; Elements de patholofjie medicale, in collaboration with Teis- sier (1894) : the article "Maladies epidemiques" of the Traite de pathnlogie (jenerale of Professor Bouchard; and Traite de hyyiine militaire (1896). See ]MAt..RiA. LAVERDIERE, la'var'dyar', Claude Ho>'Ob£ (1820-73). A Canadian educator and author. He was born in the Province of Quebec, and was educated for the priesthood, to which he was ordained in 1851. Ho afterwards became a pro- fessor in the Quebec Seminary, and assistant librarian of Laval University. He did much to bring to light and to popularize the achieve- ments of the early heroes of French Canada. Three volumes of the Jesuit Relations (1858) Avere in part published by him, and he edited the 'fii/age» of C'hamplain, with notes and a life of that explorer (1870) : also the .Journal des Jcsnites (1871). He also produced a popular Ilistori/ of Canada, and edited a collection of French-Canadian songs and hymns. LAVERTJA. In Roman mythology, tbe pro- tecting goddess of thieves and impostors. The Porta Lavernalia, near which an altar was erected in her honor, was named for her. LAVIGERIE, la've'zhre', Charles iLRTTAL Allemaxd (lS-25-92). A French prelate and missionary. He was born at Bayonne; educated in the schools of the Petite Seniinaire and the Sf'minaire de Saint Sulpice, Paris; appointed professor of ecclesiastical history at the Sor- bonne in 1853; domestic prelate to the Pope, French auditor in Rome. Bishop of Xancy, in 1803: and Archbishop of Alsiers in 1867.' He had previously become an olTioer of the Legion of Honor, and in 1874 established his famous Central-African mission. In 1881 he was ap- jiointcd administrator of ecclesiastical affairs in Tunis, and made a cardinal in 1882. Lavigerie devoted the best energies of his life to the sup- pression of slave-hunting and slave-barter; he lectured to great audiences in the various Euro- ])ean capitals; and finally secured the agreement between the English and German governments to enforce rigidly the anti-slavery clau.se of the Congo Conference, and to call an international congress at Brussels, to determine on a plan of international action. In 1890 he created a sen- sation in France by a speech advocating the ac- ceptance of the Republic by the Church, it was said, under the tacit authorization of Pope Loo XUl. He died in Algiers, November 20, 1892. His 0-:urrest choisies, principally relating to mis- sionary and anti-slavery efforts, were published in two volumes (Paris, 1884). LAVIGNAC, la'vs'nyak', Albert (1846—). A French writer on music, born in Paris. He received his musical education in that city, and in 1882 became professor of solfeggio at the Conservatory. He was subsequently made pro- fessor of harmony, and awakened wide interest by championing the cause of musical dictation, for the furtherance of which he wrote Cours complet tjieorique et pratique de dictee musicale (1882). His best-known work is La musiqiie et les musiciens (1895; trans, into Eng. 1899), which is one of the best books on the subject, and gives a lucid and interesting treatment of musi- cal technicalities and theories. His other works include: C'inquante leeons d'harmonie ; le voyage artistique a Bayreuth (1897) ; Les dromes mttsi- cales de Richard Waqner ( 1897, Eng. trans. 1898); Les gaites du Conserratoire (1898). LA VILLEMARQTTE, la vel'niar'ka', Tato- noRE Claude Henri Hersart, Vicomte de (1815- 95). A French antiquary and Celtic scholar, born at Quimperle, Brittany. His first important work was a collection of popular Breton songs and melodies, in two volumes, published in 1839, Avith a French translation and notes, under the title of Barxas-Brei:. Three years afterwards appeared his Popular Tales of Brittany, in two volumes, to which was prefixed a dissertation on the story of the Round Table. His next work was a collection of the poems of the Celtic bards of the sixth century with a French translation, and cxplanatoiy and critical notes (1850). Tliis publication made the labors of La Villemarque widely known. In 1851 he was elected corre- sponding member of the Academy of Berlin, and in 1858 a member of the French Institute. He has since published a work entitled the Celtic Legends (La Icgende celtique) of Ireland. Cam- bria, and Brittany, which contains such of the original texts — Irish. Welsh, or Breton — as are rare or vmpublished. La Villemarque is the author or editor of several other works connected with the Celtic literature and languages, among which are a Breton Grammar (1849) ; a Breton and French Dictionary (1857) ; Brittany, Ancient and Modern; and The Great Mystery of Jesus (1805). LAVIN1A, In Roman tradition, the daugh- ter of Latinus (q.v.). King of the aborigines and wife of .Eneas, who named in her honor the newly built town of Lavinium. LAVINIUM. A very ancient town of Lat- iuin. about 16 miles southeast of Rome, where the modern village of Pratica stands. Legend states