Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/300

* LXLLE. 270 LILY. •rhe trade in local manufactures, agricultural and colonial proilmts is extensive. Lille is the seat of a number of foreign consular ajjenls, in- cluding one from the L'nited States. The popu- lation of the town was largely augmented by the anne.xation of Hie subuibs during llie second half of the nineteenth century. Kroni 7.'>.0(I0 in ]85U it rose to 201,211 in IS'.ll, and 210,('J(i in 1901. l.ille grew up around the Castle of Buc m the eleventh centurv. It was fortified by Count Baldwin I'. of" Flanders in 1030, and by the twelfth century had beeonu^ one of the cliief eoin- mereial cities of Klanders and the centre of an e.tensive linen industry. It sulVcrpd much from the struggles l)etecn Hie counts of Flanders and the kings of Fiance, and ])assed to the latter at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Lille regained its prosperity with its passing to the dukes of Burgundy in LiOO. It subsequently came into the possession of Spain, and was con- quered by Louis XIV. in 1007. It was gallantly defended" by Boulllcrs against Trince ICugenc in 1708, but was finally reduced. Another notable event in its annals is its heroic resistance during the siege by the Anstrians in 1792. Consult Van Hemic, nihoin- ilr I.illc (Lille, 1874). LILLEBONNE, Ul'b6n'. An ancient town in the Department of Seine-lnfC^rieure, France, situ- ated 20 miles east of Havre. It has a ruined castle built by William the Co.iqueror, an ancient donjon, and numerous Roman remains, includ- ing the ruins of a theatre. Many antique objects have been discovered in the vicinity. Lillebonne is the ancient JiiUhona. capital of the Caletes. It was of considerable importance under the Konian rule. Population, in 1901, 0-125. LIL'LIBTJLE'RO. The refrain of an Irish balhol, which a]i|H'ared before the Revolution of 1088, and attained great poimlarity. The words "lillibulero" and "bullen-a-lali" (Irish) are said to have been employed by the Irish Roman Catholics during the" Protestant massacres of 1641. The ballad is attributed to Lord Wharton, and the musical setting to Purccll. lilLLIPUT. The name of a fabulous kingdom described by .lonathan Swift (q.v.) in (juUiver's Iraiels (1720). The Lilliputians were no bigger than a man's finger. The term Lilliputian means a tiny dwarf, or almost anything on a very small scale. lilL'LO, Georoe (1693-1739). An English dramatist. A jeweler by trade, he made dra- matic composition his avocation. With a vigor- ous style and a moral tendency in advance of his time, he was the rejircsentative of the domestic manners and tastes of the middle classes. His plays l^ilrin and flrorf/r linrnireU appeared in 17.30 and 1731. The latter was extremely popu- lar, and delighted Queen Caroline, and, through Lessing, greatly influenced the German drama. His other works are: Tlic Chrialinn 77e»-o( 173.')) ; Fatal Curiositi) (1736); Marina (1738); K/wer- ick (1740) : and Arden of Fercrsham (1759). LILIiY, .John. An English writer of the sixteenth century, author of Euphues. See Lyly. LTLLY, WiLOAM (1002-8]). An English astrologer, born in Leicestershire. As a young man he was employed as bookkeeper by a London merchant. later took up the study of astrology, particularly the .4rs Votoria of Cornelius Agrip- pa, and soon became widely known as a caster of nativities and predicler of future events. From 1044 till his death he annually issued his Mer- Ihtus Angliciis Juniur, an almanac, containing vaticinations to which considerable importance was attached by many. His Monarchy or So Monarvhy (1051) included, among other hiero- glyphical engravings, two which he suhsequent- lyasserted predicted the plague and (ire of ItiUU. in the Civil War he was sent to the Parlia- mentary camp at Colchester, to encourage the troojis. After the Restoration he was fur some time imprisoned, on the supposition that he was acquainted with the secrets of the republicans. He was satirized in IhidihraH. His chief work was the Cliii»liaii Atslroloiiy (1047). An Auto- l)ii)iji<iitliy appeared posthumously in 1715. LIL'LYVICK, INlR. In Dickens's Mcholas yicUibi/, the uncle of Mrs. Kenwigs. He is a pompous collector of water-rates. He marries an actress, who iiist hen|iecks him and after- wards leaves him. LILY (AS. lilie, lilUje, from Lat. lilium, from Gk. 'Kdpiov, Icirioii, Uy), Liliiim. A large genus of bulbous plants of the natural order LiliacciC, containing many species prized for their size and ' the beauty of their (lowers. The bulb is scaly, the stem herI)aceous anil simple, often several feet tall; the (lowers, borne at or near the summit, boll-shaped, the segments of the perianth often rellexed. The white lily { Lilium cinulidiimU a native of the Levant, aiid long cultivated in gar- dens, has large, erect, jiure white (lowers. The orange lily {Lilium bnlbifcrum), a native of the south of Europe, with large, erect, orange col- ored (lowers, is a well-known and veiy showy oniamcnt in flower-gardens. The Turk's-ea]) lily {Lilium Martafion). a native of the south of Europe, and allied species with vcrticillate leaves and drooping flowers, are also common in gardens. The tiger-lily {JAlium ti(irinum) . a native of China, is remarkable for the axillary buds which- become detached and take root to fonii new plants that (lower in from two to three years. Some very fine species are natives of North America, as Lilium f^uperbum, which grows in low ground in the I'niled States, has a stem three to seven feet high, and rellexed oraiifji' (lowers, spotted with black; Lilium Cainidrnsi. etc. Several very tine s|)eeies have been inirn duced from Japan, as Lilium .laponicum, Lilium speciosum, and Lilium luncifolium. Lilium cordifoUum is a magnificent species, native of (he Himalayas. Lilium Innfiiflorum, var. Uarrisii, the Bermuda Easter lily, is largely grown in greenhouses for winter blooming, especially for the Easter festival. The billis of several species are used as food in Oriental countries. Lilies are disti-ibnted throughout the north tempcrat.' zone and are grown under varicnis conditions of climate and soil. The plants require considerable moisture during their rajud growth, but the soil must be well drained to prevent injury to the bulbs. They are propagated by offset bulbs and sin<;le scales. New varieties are grown from seeds, which is rather a slow method of increase. See Colored Plates of Liliace.e; California Flora. LILY, Giant, Spear, or Gigantic. See Giant (or Spear) Lily. LIL'Y, or LILLY, William (c.1408-1.522) . A celebrated Enfilish grammarian. He graduated