Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/196

LEWIS. paintings, especially the water-colors, show ex- quisite coloring, and careful finish of detail. Among his water-colors are: "Halt in the Desert '' (1853, South Kensington Museum) ; "Bull Fight at Seville" (1830); "Christine Spy" (1837); "Easter Day at Rome" ( 1840) ; and the "Harem" (1851). His oils include a "Greeting in the Desert" (1850); "Bedouin Sheikh" (1861); "Door of a Caf6 at Cairo" (1866, Royal Acad- emy).

LEWIS, Mattuew Grkuory (1775-1818). An English romancer, nicknamed "Monk' Lewis. He was born in London, July 9, 1775. His father owned valuable estates in .lamaica. Lewis was sent to Westminster School and thence to Christ Church, Oxford. In 1702 he went to Weimar, where he saw Goethe and ac<juiri'd a knowledge of contemporary German literature. In 1794 he was appointed attache to the British Embassy at The Hague; and from 1791; to 1802 he was in Parliament. In 1798 he made tlie ac(iuaintance of Sir Walter Scott, who, then unknown, was glad to contribute to his Tales of Wunder ( 1801 ) . In 181G he visited Byron at (ieneva, and again the next year in Florence and Venice. On the death of his father (1812), he inherited the estate and slaves in the West Indies. On the homeward voyage from a second visit to Jamaica, lie died of yellow fever (May 14, 1818). Lewis won wide celebrity for his Atiibrosio, or the Monk (1795), and was ever afterwards known as 'Monk' Lewis. It is a Gothic romance after the type of Ann Radcli tie's Mysteries of Udolpho. It contains, however, incidents taken from German romance, and thus becomes historically interesting as a thread connecting the literature of Germany and England. Owing to certain voluptuous passages, afterwards sup- pressed, the sale of the book was enjoined by the .ttornry-(icneral. A Gothic melodrama en- titled The Castle fnder and the earlier Tales of Terror (1799) were reprinted in Morley's Universal Library (1887). Consult: The Life and Correspondence of Lewis {hondon, 1839) ; and for Lewis's relation to German literature. Beers, English Romanti- cism (Xew York, 1898) : and Brand), S.T. Coleridge und die englische Romantik (Berlin, 1886; trans, by Lady Eastlake, London, 1887). See E.N'GLISIt LiTEBATUBE.

LEWIS, Meriwether (1774-180!)). An Ameri- can explorer, born near Cliarlottesville, Va. He came of a well-known Virginian family, and in- herited from his father a comfortable estate, but at the time of the Whisky Rebellion in 1794 gave up farming to join the forces which the Government sent into western Pennsylvania, and at the close of the insurrection became an ensign in the Regular .Vrniv. Five years later he was promoted to the rank of captain, and in 1801 he became President .Teflferson's private secre- tary. When in 1S03 it was decided to send an explorincr expedition into the Louisiana country, for which the T'nited States was then negotiating with France, the President accepted the prompt- ly offered services of his secretary. Lewis chose as his companion Capt. William Clark (q.v.), an old army friend. The party left the Missis- sippi in Alay, 1804, and proceeded up the Mis- souri to its headwaters, crossed the Great Divide, and, landing on one of the tributaries of the Columbia, followed it and then the Columbia to the Pacific. After a dreary winter on the coast they returned to the United States by much the same route, and reached Saint Louis in Septem- ber, 1806. (See Lewis and Clark Expedition.) As a reward for this service Congress granted Captain Lewis a tract of 1500 acres of land from the public domain, and in 1807 the Presi- dent appointed him Governor of Louisiana Ter- ritory, tile northern part of the Louisiana Pur- chase, with headquarters at the village of Saint Louis. Here he soon proved himself an able administrator. In this latter work he was ably assisted by Captain Clark, who had been appoint- ed Indian agent. His leisure moments were occupied with preparing for publication the ac- count of his great journey; but this he was destined never to finish, for in 1809 he was called to Washington on business, and while on the way met his death in the cabin of a Tennessee pioneer. Whether his death was due to murder or suicide was not known. For biograjibical sketches, con- sult the works given under Lewi.s and Clark Expeditio.v.

LEWIS, Morgan (1754-1844). An American soldier and jurist. He was born in New York City, the son of Francis Lewis (q.v.), gradu- ated at Princeton in 1773, and, on the eve of the Revolution, began reading law in the oHice of John Jay. He joined the Continental Army before Boston soon after the battle of Bunker Hill, and later in the same year was commissioned captain in the Second Regiment of New York militia. In 1777 he was appointed quartermaster-general of tiates's army, and dis- tinguished himself at Saratoga, and in 1779 he served with Sullivan and Clinton in the cam- paign in central New York. After the war he took up the practice of law. married into the Livingston familj', and became prominent in Anti-Federalist politics. After a term in the Assembly and a short period on the bench of Common Pleas in Dutchess Count.v, where he made his home, he was elected in 1791 by the council of appointment to succeed Aaron Burr as Attorney-General of the State. A year later he was ajjiminted a judge of the New York Su- preme Court, and in 1801 was made Chief .Justice. In 1804 the Livingston faction secured his nomi- ' nation for the office of Governor, and he was elected by a large majority over Burr. He was a .strong supporter of Madison's war policy, and in 1812 was offered the portfolio of war. This he declined, but almost immediately accepted the post of quartermaster-general of the army, with rank of brigadier-general. On March 2, 1813, he was commissioned major-general and served on the Canadian frontier, being present at the bat- tles of Fort George, Sackett's Harbor, and French Creek. In 1815 he resigned his commission, and the rest of his life he spent on his estates in Dela- ware County. For many years he was president of the New York Society nf the Cincinnati, and ., in 1831 was elected •irnnd master of the Free- I Masons. Consult Delaficld. liiography of Francis and Morgan Levis (1877).

LEWIS, Tatter (1802-77). An American educator and author. He was born at North-