Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/185

LEUCOPLASTS. then the main portion of the leucoplast lies at one side of the starch-grain, the smaller portion being stretched until it forms a very thin, almost invisible, membrane. In this case the additions to the starch-grain will be more rapid on the side where the larger mass of the leucoplast lies. If the leucoplast is ruptured, remaining in contact with only one side of the .starch-grain, further additions will be confined to portions in contact with the leucoplast ( see figure). If a starch-grain begins to develop at more than one point, two or mure may arise within a single leucoplast, pro- ducing the so-called 'compound' starch-grains. The leucoplast is visible on the larger grains only after special treatment. In some cases leueo- plasts accumulate in their interior masses of solid proteids which may or may not take the crystalline form. Such leucoplasts have reeentlj- been distinguished by the name proteinoplasts.

LEU'CORRHCE'A (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Xei/»c6s, leukos, white + poia, rhoia, a flow, from fxii', rhei)i, to flow), or "The Whites.' A catarrhal discharge from the female generative organs, con- sisting of mucus or mucus and pus. Leucorrhcea is a symptom of disease of the mucous membrane lining the vagina, or the uterus, or possibly of the Fallopian tubes. Any pathological state which keeps the uterus in a condition of engorge- ment or of retarded circulation may result in leucorrhcea. It is a very common condition and may be of trivial character. It may be an indica- tion of endometritis or salpingitis. Astringent or antiseptic douches are ordered by the physi- cian if the trouble is simply vaginal. If it be uterine, intrauterine applications must be made by the physician. Constipation favors leucor- rhoea.

LEUCOSTICTE, lu'ko-stlk'te (Neo-Lat., from Gk. evK6s, leukos. white -I- ariKThs, stiktos, pricked, spotted, from arl^uv, stizein, to prick). The generic, and frequently the vernacular, name of a group of large fringilline birds, which inliab- it the higher parts of the mountains of the West- ern United States and are. often called 'rosy finches.' because of the red mixed with the brown of their plumage. They are active, beautiful birds, and have sweet songs. Consult : Coues, Birds of the Xortlnrest (Washington, 1874) ; Keyser, Birds of the Rockies (Chicago, 1902).

LEUC'TRA (Lat., from Gk. AcCxTpo, Leuk- traj. A village of Bceotia, in Greece, famous for the great victory which the Tliebans under Epaminondas (q.v. ) won here over the Spartan King Cleombrotus (B.C. 3711, in consequence of which the Spartan supremacy in Greece, which had existed since the close of the Peloponnesian War (B.C. 404). was broken forever. See Thebes; Sp.XRTA.

LEUKERBAD, loi'ker-biit (Fr. Loeche-les- Bains . A watering-place in the Canton of Valais. Switzerland. It is situated on the right slope of the Rhone Valley at the entrance to the Gemmi Pass and at an elevation of 4.i00 feet above the sea. It has about twenty baths, im- pregnated with lime, and having a temperature varying from 88° to 124°F. Their use is recom- mended for rheumatism and skin diseases. Popu- lation, in 1900. 600.

LEURET, le'rA'. Francois (1797-18.51). A French physician, born in Xancy. He made a special study of the treatment of the insane and ultimately became director of the asylum at Bict'trc. His works include: De la frequence du pouls Chez les alienes (1832), with Mitivie; Fragments psychologiques sur la folie (1834); Anntomie comparee du systeme nerveux (1839- 58), completed by Gratiolet ; and Uu Iraitement moral de la folie' {ISiO).

LEUTHEN, loi'ten. A village of Lowy Sile- sia, Prussia, 9 miles west of Breslau, celebrated for the victory won there December 5, 1757, by Frederick the" Great, with 34,000 men, over an Austrian army of about 90,000 under Prince Charles of Lorraine ( Map : Germany, G 3 ) . The loss of the Austrians was 10,000 in killed and wounded, 12,000 in prisoners, besides 110 pieces of artillery. The victorious army lost 6500 in killed and wounded. The result was the recon- quest of the greater part of Silesia by the Prus- sians. Population, about 800.

LEUTHOLD, loit'hok, Ueineich (1827-79). A German poet, bom near Zurich and educated in that city and in Basel. His brief literary activ- ity, mostly in Munich and Frankfort, was brought to an end by insanity, and he died in an asylum near Zurich. He was one of the most gifted members of the Munich group of poets. In col- laboration with (Jeibel, Leuthold translated se- lected French lyrics (1862). He showed great beauty of form and much depth of thouglit in his lyrics and the (practically Ij'ric) epic Penthesilea, posthumously published (1879).

LEUTZE, loit'se, (1810-68). A German-American historical painter of the Düsseldorf school. He was born in Gemünd, Württemberg. May 24, 1816. His parents came to the United States, settling first in Philadelphia, then at Fredericksburg, Va. He received his first instruction in art from J. A. Smith, a portrait painter, in Philadelphia. In 1840 one of his pictures attracted attention and procured him several orders, which enabled him to go to Düsseldorf, where he studied with Lessing. In 1842 he went to Munich. studying the works of Cornelius and Kaulbach, and the following year he visited Venice and Rome. In 1845 he returned to Düsseldorf and was married, making his home there for fourteen years. He devoted himself to American, Spanish, and English historical subjects, especially to the famous series of pictures of the Revolution, of which "Washington Crossing the Delaware" is the finest. In 1859 he returned to the United States: in 1860 he received the commission for the fresco on the staircase of the Capitol at Washington, entitled "Westward the Star of Empire Takes Its Way." In 1860 he was elected a member of the National Academy. He died in Washington, D. C., July 18, 1868. leaving several large cartoons for the decoration of the Senate Chamber.

Leutze is more famous for the subjects than for the technical qualities of his paintings. His color is often crude and his drawing academic, yet his composition is good and his figures show a high power of individualization. The most important works are: "Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca" (1841), purchased by the Dusseldorf Art Union: "Columbus in Chains" (1842): "Columbus Before the Queen;" "Landing of the Norsemen in America." Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia: "Cromwell and His Daughter;" "The Court of Queen Elizabeth;" "Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn" (1858); "The Iconoclast;" "Washington at Monmouth;"