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* LENA. 124 LENBACH. In the lower middle course of the river the banks are precipitous and thickly wooded, while toward the delta they become barren and covered with masses of rocks, among which snow remains even during the summer, and here there are practically no permanent settlements. The inclosed islets of the delta are flat and covered only with hardy grasses and moss. On a rocky promontory of one of the inclosed islands, known as Monument Cape, stands a wooden cross commemorating the ■victims of the Jeannette expedition buried there. The Lena is frozen at Kirensk (at the beginning of its middle course) from the end of October to the end of April : at Yakutsk from the middle of October to the end of May; and at the delta from the middle of .September to the middle of .June. The opening of the river is accompanied by dis- astrous floods. Steam navigation, first intro- duced on the Lena in 1862. is confined chiefly to the upper part of the river and its tributaries, freight (chiefly minerals, fish, and grain) being carried principally in barges and wooden ves-sels built in the shipyards on the upper course, where shipbuilding is the chief industry. The principal ports on the Lena are Verkholensk. Vitimsk, Olekminsk, Yakutsk, and Bulun. The Lena has numerous tributaries, of which the most note- worthy are the Kirenga. the Vitim. the Olekma. and the Aldan from the right and the Viliuy from the left. The river is rich in fish, but its fishery industries are still imdeveloped and are mostly in the hands of the Yaktits. Some of the tributaries of the river abound in gold, and the region along the river is highly min- eralized in some parts. The Lena was dis- covered by the Russians in 1628. I,EN.a;'A (Lat., from Gk. A';«iia, Linaia). The Feast of Vat-s, one of the series of festivals constituting the Dionysia, held during the month of Gamelion (.January-February) at the Len:fum at Athens. The festival consisted of a public feast, followed by dramatic performances at the theatres, to which the participants went in pro- cession. liEKABD RAYS. See Electricitt, para- graphs Disrhnrfje Through Gases. LENABTOWICZ, len'ar-tO'vich. Teofil (1822-93). A Polish poet, bom at Warsaw and educated there. He lectured on Polish litera- ture at Bologna for a time, then went to Rome, and afterwards lived in Florence. His best- known poems are Szopka (1849). Lirenka (1851), .Voira Urenka (18.57), Poezje (1861), and the idyl Jagoda s mazovieckich tnsof (1880). They are passionately patriotic, and descriptive of quiet rural life. He translated Dante's Divina Commedia into Polish. LENAXr, la'nou. XiKours (1802.50). A name assumed by Xikolaus Xiembsch von Streh- lenau. an Austrian lyric and elegiac poet. He was bom at Csatfld. Himgary. studied law and then medicine at Vienna, but he never practiced either profession. His genius first found expres- sion in Gedichte (18.31). full of sadness and ex- quisitely melrolious. He then went to Stuttgart and associated with poets of the Swabian school, especially Kemer. Schwab, and Karl Mayer. Growing restless there, he went to America in 18.32. traveled on horseback in what was then the West, and returned, disillusioned by experi- ence, in 1833. to find himself already poetically famous as the lyric representative of an emo- tional period of political transition. The next ten years were passed at Vienna and in Swabia. Faust (1835) showed even more than the poems of 1831 a nature at strife with itself, with the world and God, and a genius careless of conven- tional form. It is a fragmentary poem, waver- ing between epic and dramatic, but abounding in brilliant scenes. In the .same year he pub- lished yeuerc Oedkhle (2d enlarged edition 1840). Havonarola (1837; 5th ed. 1856) and Ziie A/i*ijfeHSer( 1S42: 4th cd. 1873)are to be regarded rather as fragments than as literary entities. Don Juan ( 1851 ), a sort of drama, was left un- finished at his death. Lenau's finest j)oems are descriptive of Hungarian life and scenery. .Soon after 1844 he became insane. The rest of his life was ])asst'd in the asylimi at Oberdiibling. near Vienna. He died August 22, 18.50. His tiiimutt- liche Werkc were edited bv Anastasius Griin (in 4 vols., .Stuttgart, 1S55 ; 2 vols., 1881). There is a later edition with life and notes (Leipzig. 2 vols., 1882), and another (2 vols., Berlin. 18831. Consult : Schurz. Lenaus Leben ( 2 vols.. Stuttgart. 18.551; Frankl. Zu Lenaus Biographie (2d ed.. Vienna. 18S5). and his edition of f.rnau und Sophie Loirenthal. Tiigebuch und Bricfe de» Dichters (Stuttgart. 1892). LENBACH, lenTj-iG. Fb.xz vox (1836-1904). A German portrait painter, the greatest of the- nineteenth centun.-. He was born at S^hroben- hausen, in Upper Bavaria, Deceml)er 13, 1836. When a boy he worked as an apprentice to his father, a master mason. His first artistic effects were all taken directly from nature, and a brief period of study at the Pol>-technic School of Augsburg only ser-ed to Instill in him a lifelong hatred for art academies. Two months' work under Grafle at Munich increased this dislike. He worked for himself in his native village until in 1857 he became a pupil of Piloty at Slunich. His first work to attract attention was "Peas- ants Taking Refuge from a Storm in a Chapel"^ (1857), now in the Magdeburg Museum. It reveals the influence of Piloty, but contains a powerful naturalism unknown to that master. During the same year he accompanied Piloty to Italy, where he had occasion to study more thor- oughly the old masters, whom he already re- vered" One of the results of this journey was his '-Arch of Titus." in 1858, now in the Sluseum of Pres,sburg. the vivid realism of which caused much commotion. Equallv powerful is his "Shep- herd Boy" (1860), in the Schack collection. Mu- nich. In 1860 he was called, together with Biick- lin and Reinhold Begas, to teach in the new art school at Weimar, but remained only a year and a half. The most important influence in the formation of his style was' his commission from Baron .Schack to copy works of Titian. Rubens. Velaz- quez, and other masters for his gallery at Munich. In 1863 he was sent to Italy, and in 1867 to- Spain. By the study of these masters he acquired his brilliant coloring. After his return to Munich in 1868 he devoted himself entirely to portrai-^ ture. which he had long recognized as his chief strensth. and soon became the most famous por- traitist of Germany. From 1872 to 1874 he re- sided in Vienna, where he was held in highest esteem, and painted the Emperor and other Aus- trian notables. In 1875-76 he visited Egypt, and after that time resided at Munich, ilany of his winters, after 1882, were passed at Rome, where