Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/869

* LARRABEE. 785 LARVA. 1831-35 he was principal of the Onoida Confer- ence Seminary, Cazenovia, N. Y., and afterwards occupied tlie same position in the Wesleyan School at Kent's Hill, Maine, where he also as- sisted in the State geological survey (1837). In 1840 he went to Indiana to teach mathematics and natural science in the Asbury I'liiversity, Oreencastle, and he was State Su]jcrinlendcnt of Public Instruction in 1852-54 and again in 1856. Though an ordained minister, he never took a pastoral charge, but concentrated his energj- upon raising the educational standards of his own Church, in which work he met with a great measure of success. He published Scientific Etyi- <li)ices of Xafurdl and Kcvcaled llelif/ion ( 1850) ; M'cslci/ and his CoLnborcrs (1851) : Asbury and His Co-Laborers ( 185.'{) ; and a collection of the articles he had written for the Ladies' li*;posi- torij. entitled U'osahom'r (1854). LARRAMSNDI, Uir'ra-men'de, Manuel de ( lti!K)-17i)(i). A Spanish .Jesuit, one of the ear- liest students of the Kasque language. Born at Andoain, the son of Domingo de Uaragorri, he took Ills mother's name. He studied at Bilbao; ■was professor of theology at Valencia, at Valla- dolid. and at Salamanca; and lived for sonu' time at Court as confessor of the Dowager Queen
 * Maria Anna, widow of Charles II., but in 1733

retired to Loyola, and spent the renuiinder of his life in study. His Antiguedad y uniiersalidad en Espaiia dfl rascuence (1728) attempts to prove that all the dialects used in Spain are derived from the Basque ; and he is quite as fanciful in the statement in Ei intposible ven- cido: arte de la Icngua vascongadn (1829) that, although all other dialects are imperfect, the Basque is as it was when God made it. His other works are Disciirso hislorico sobre la an- tiyiM y hermosa Cantabria (173G) and Diccio- nario trilinffue. castcllano, vasciicncc y kitino, LARREY, la'ra', DoMiNiQVE Je. , Baron (1701)1842). A French military surgeon, born at Baudean. near Bagn&res-de-Bigorre. He stud- ied medicine with his uncle, Ale.xis Larrey; and later attended two hospitals, the Hotel Dieu and the Hotel des Invalides, after having served for a short time both in the army and in the na'j-. In 1792 Larrey was appointed second physician to the Hotel des Invalides, and in 1793 accompanied the French army to Germany and S])ain, making at this time the important invention of the ambulance rolante, or Hying hospital, for trans- porting the wounded. Napoleon sununoned him to Italy in 1797, after he had taught for a short time at Toulon, and been a professor in the medico-surgical school at Val de (IrAce. Larrey accompanied Xajioleon's expedition in 1798 to Eg"pt. Later he was placed at the head of the medico-surgical departuu-nt of the French army, and was created a baron of the Empire in 1810. receiving also a considerable pension. He was wounded and taken prisoner at Waterloo. At the Restoration he lost his rank and pension, tliougn the latter was restored in 1818. Larrey contin- ued to till important oHices till 1830. He was ap- pointed inspector of military hospitals in Algeria, and sailed for Africa May 15. 1842. Returning in a few months after completing the work as- signed, he died at Lyons. Apart from his talent, skill, courage, and humanity, Larrey gained gi'cat scientific reputation. He published Memoircs de mMecitie et de ehirunjie militaire (1812-18) and Clinique chirurgicalc (1829-30). Consult Werner, Jean Dominique Larrey, ein Lebensbild (Stuttgart, 1885). L'ARRONGE, la'rO.Nzh', Adolf (1838—). A German dramatist, theatrical manager, and mu- sical conductor, born in Hamburg. He studied music at the Conservatory in Leipzig, was kapell- meister successively in Cologne, Stuttgart, Buda- pest, and from 180 to 1809 at Kroll's Opera House in Berlin. He then became editor of the lierliufr (Jerichlszeitunij. and, after attaining popularitv as a playwright.- became theatre di- rector at "Breslau ( 1874 ) . Subsequently ( 1882 ), in association wth FOrster, Haase, Barnay, and Friedniann, he founded the 'Deutsches Theater,' which he managed alone from 1883 to 1894. Among his best-known plays are: Mein Leopuld (1872); Basenuuins Tochter (1874); Dohtor Klaus (1878) ; Die Sorylosen (1882) ; Der Weg -inn Hcrzcn (1885); Pastor Brose (1895); Die M'oldthiiter (1901). He also wrote a tragedy. Die Lorcley (1880), made an adaptation of the sec- ond part of Goethe's Faust, entitled Fausts Tod (18S9), omitting the Helena scenes, and pub- lished Deutsches Theater und deutsche Schau- spiellninst (1896). LARTIGHE, lar'teg', .Jean (1791-1876). A French navigator and liydrographer, born at Vic- en-Bigorre. He made many voyages to South America and the South Sea, and in 1844 carried on important hydrographic investigations in the West Indies. After 1800 he was attached to the French navigation bureau. Among other works he published : Description de la cote du I'drou (1842) and Exposition du systeme des vents (1840). LARVA (Lat., ghost, mask, given to the cater])illar because it was thought by the ancients to mask the form of the perfect insect or butter- fly). When animals become free from the parent tissiu> or from the egg. they either have the form, if not the size, of the adult, or they difl'er very markedly from the adults both in form and structure, and spend more or less time as free individuals before maturity is gained. The lat- ter method of development we denominate larval, in contrast to the former, which is foetal. Larval development may take place cither slowly and by gradual stages, or by abrupt changes which we call metamorphosis (q.v. ). The development of both the embryo and the larva is a series of onto- genetic recapitulations of stages or conditions which the animal has passed through in its phylo- genetic history. Secondary changes may fre- quently have come in to complicate and obscure the phylogenetie inheritance. Such changes are brought about by variations in the larval, pupal, or adult stage, which prove of advantage to the organism and hence are perpetuated by inheri- tance. A certain kind of secondary change — namely, shortening of development — is more pos- sible in fietal than in larval development. Many organs that must be retained in larval develop- ment, because useful for the individual during some stage in its free life, can be dropped alto- gether in the fu?tus. because it is so well protect- ed within the maternal body. Possibilities of variations are. however, gieater in larval than in fa?tal development. Indeed, larvir, such as those of many insects, may exist with secondary characters only. This tendency to acquire sec- ondary characters is in a measure held in check by the necessity of retaining ancestral organs