Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/868

* LAROCHEJACQTIELEIN. 784 LARRABEE. for a time, took Laval, but was defeated by Wfsteinuin and ilarecau at Le ilans, December 13, 17'J3, and his army was scattered. He raised a new body of troops in L'pper Poitou, but was killed in a battle at Xouaille, March 4, 1794. — His brother, Louis- nr Vergeb, Marquis de La- rofliejaequclein (1777-1815), was born at Saint- Aubin, emigrated at the commencement of the Itevolution, returned to France, in 1801, but re- sisted all Napoleon's eflorts to win him, and in 1813 placed himself at the head of the Royalists in La Vendee. Louis XVIII. appointed him in 1814 to the command of the Army of La Vendee, and <luring the Hundred Days he maintained the Roy- alist cau.se there, supported by the British. He fell in battle at Pont-des-Mathis, June 4, 1815. — His wife, Marie Loii.se Victoire, Marquise de La- rochejacquelein (17721857). published Mcmoires (1855) treating of the war in La Vend^, of which she was an eye-witness. — Hexki Auguste Georges dl' Verger, Marquis de Larochejacque- Icin (1805-G7), son of Louis was made a peer in 1815, fought for the Holy Alliance in Spain in 1823, and joined the Russians against the Turks in 1828. He brought about a rising in La Vendue against the July Monarchy, and was an uncom- promising Legitimist till 1848. when he accepted the Republic, sat in the Constituent and Legis- lative Assemblies and became an adherent of Louis Xapoleon, who made him Senator in 1852. LA ROCHELLE. See Rocheixe, La. LAROMIGITIERE, li'rfi'm^'gyar', Pieebe (175(>-1837). A French philosopher, born at LOvignac. He was professor of philosophy at Touhmsp. where, after the decree of the conven- tion suppressing religious orders which freed him from his clerical vows, he taught social phi- losophy. But his success was small until he went to Paris, where he was made professor of logic in the Ecole Centrale; later taught in the Prvtanee ; was made an associate of the Insti- tute (1796), then member of the tribunate (1799), professor (1811), and member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1833. His works are: Projet d'elements de rnita- physique (1893) ; two ilemoires read before the Institute, treating the analysis of thought, and the meaning of the term 'idea'; Les paradoxes de Condillac (1805), completing his work as editor of his teacher (1798), and enunciating the equational theory of the judgment after the man- ner of Condillac. but with his own addition of the important part played by attention : and Lecons de philosophic (1815-18)". LA RONCIERE LE NOITRY.la rO.v' syar'Ie nou're'. C.milleAd.i,bertMabie Clement, Baron de (1813-81). A French vice-admiral, torn in Turin. He entered the navy in 18.30 and became captain in 1855. In 1856 he commanded Prince Xapoleon's expedition to the Polar Sea, and. in 1860-61, in the Levant. He was promoted rear- a<dniiral in 1861, conducted the evacuation of Mexico in 1867, became vice-admiral in 1868, and in 1870 commanded the marines at the Paris forts. He was commander-in-chief at Saint Denis and took a conspicuous part in the battles liefore Paris. In the National Assembly and in the Senate, to which he was elected in 1871 and 1876 respectively, he favored the Bonapartists. He wrote: Considerations sur les marines i toilrs et d vapeur de France et d' Anglet erre ( 1844) and La Marine au siige de Paris ( 1872) . LA ROTHIl^RE, la rfi'tyir'. A village in the dei)artnient of .iilie, France, about seven miles southwest of Brienne. It is noted as the scene of a stubborn contest between Xapoleon I. and the allies under Bliicher, February 1, 1814. The French, who numbered .some 45,000 men, were at- tacked in a strong |>osition by Bliicher with more than twice the number of troops, and, after a sanguinary struggle, the allies succeeded in driv- ing the French from La RothiSre. The loss on either side was about 4000 men. LAROUSSE, li'roos', Pierre Athanase (1817-75). . distinguished French p-ammarian, lexicographer, and encyclopivdist. Ijorn at Toucy. He was the son of a village blacksmith. He be- came a high-minded republican, identified with the dominating influences of his time. He gained notice and wealth as a writer of text-books and an educational publisher. In his v.orks the gen- eral aim — new in that day — was to aid the pupil to think for himself rather than to depend on his memorj-. In 1858 Larousse founded a jour- nal of instruction, L'Ecole Xormale. He finally employed his fortune in starting the Grand dic- tiouiinaire uniicrsel du XIXe siecle (1865-76). On this great undertaking rests his fame. It is a vast compilation of fifteen volumes, with sup- plementary volumes, all in nonpareil. (See En- cyCLOP.EDlA. ) The success of this work, which was first published in installments bj- subscription, was immediate and enormous, owing in part to its anecdotic character and the facilities it af- forded journalists. It may be described as discur- sive, conversational, entertaining, rather than scholastic and critical; diffusive and liberal, rather than methodical and imposing. The work is kept abreast of the times by the weekly Revue Encyclopcdique ; and there is published also, in connection, the small and popular Dictionnaire complet illustrv, which is revised annually. LARJIA, lar'ra, Mariano Josf; de (1809-37). A Spanish satirist and critic, born in Madrid. He studied law at Valladolid, and made his ap- pearance in literature with a series of letters, El duende salirico (1828) and El pobrecito hab- lador ( 1832 ), under the pen-name 'Juan Perez de Munguia.' After the fourteenth number, the latter pamphlet was suppressed by the Govern- ment. Then Larra began his brilliant satirical studies, printed in La Hevista Espanola, in El Mundo, and elsewhere, midcr the pseudonym 'Fi- garo.' He was bitter, pessimistic, and often sav- age in his attacks on contemporary politics, so- ciety, art, and letters ; "but", a biographer says, '■for unflinching courage, insight, and sombre hu- mor, Larra has no equal in modern Spanish liter- ature, and scarcely any superior in the past." Made desperate by domestic diflieulties, and his own unfortunate temperament, he committed sui- cide in Madrid. Besides his journalistic work, he wrote a comedy, .Vo mas mostrador (1831); and an historical drama, Macias (1834) ; a novel, El donccl de Don Enrique el Doliente (1854) ; and an essay, De 1S30 a 1S35, 6 la Espana desde Fernando Vll. hasta ilendizahal (1836). His complete works were published under the title Obras completas de Figaro (Madrid, 1837; and Barcelona, 1884). LAR/BABEE, Willum Clark (1802-59). An --American Methodist Episcopal minister and educator, born at Cape Elizabeth, Maine. In