Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/842

* L ANSON. r64 LANTERN-FISH. LANSON, lU.so.', Alfred DfisiKfi (1851- 98). A French sculptor, born at Orleans. He worked in the studios of Rouillard. Joutlroy, and Millet, and in 187C won the Pri. de Kome with a statue of Jason with the Golden Fleece. From 1870 to his death he exhibited at the Salon, and received several medals. In 1S82 he was decorated with the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, and he won a grand i)rize at the Exposi- tion of 1889. His works were portrait busts and mvthological or svmbolical subjects, for ex- ample:" "Diane" (1875), ".Jason" (1878), "Judith" (1880), "LVige de fer" (1882), "Dou- leur maternelle" (1883), "Le sphinx" (1884), "La vierge a I'enfant" (1888), "La derniSre orgie." and "La geographie" (1889). LANSQUENET, lans'ke-net (Fr., from Gcr. Laiidskiwcht, foot-soldier). A game of cards, played with six full packs, and so called from the fifteenth-century soldiers by whom it was introduced. The banker announces his bet, of which fractional paits are wagered by the other players, or the whole amount may be bet by a single i)layer. The banker draws a card fur him- self and one for his adversaries, and then deals until a card like his own or that of liis u|iponents is turned up. In the former case the dealer wins, and also when the second card dealt matches the first. LANSYER, lax'sya'. Maurice Emmaxuel (J835-9.1). A French painter, born at Bouin in La Vendee. He studied architecture with Viol- let-le-Duc. and in ISGO was employed on the re- construction of the Auxerre Cathedral. Turning to painting, he sludied with Courbet and Harpi- gnies, and in his first pictures showed ability in marines and Breton landscapes. They in- clude: "JIatinee de septembre :"! Douarnenez," "Promenade en automne," "La fin de la tem- pete." and "Les dunes de Donville." His later work showed the effect of his early architec- tural studies. It includes "La cour de la Sor- bonne," "Les ruines de la grande salle de la cour des coniptes." "Oiateau de Pierrefonds." and "Xotre Dame de Paris." He received medals in 1865. 1869, and 1873. and was made a member of the Legion of Honor in 18S1. His most strik- ing characteristic was his feeling for light. LANT, or LANCE. A fish. See Sand-Eel. LANTATIA (Xeo-Lat.. coined by Linnaeus). A genu- of odoriferous, chiefly tropical shrubs, belonging to the order Verbenaceae. The species contain a stimulant essential oil. Lniitatui /ixcii- doihea, or Lippia pseudothea. is used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. Lantana camara and Lnti- tana miatri are nalives of tropical America. Lnn- tana comnra has been introduced as an ornament- al hedge plant into many tropical cduntries, where it has spread until it has become very troublesome. In Ceylon, parts of India, and countries where frost holds them in check, they are very ornamental plants. They are not hardy north of the Gulf States. LANTE, lan'tS. Villa. Two villas of this name exist: one in Rome, on the Trastevere side of the Tiber, northwest of the great Villa Cor- sini. the other at Bagnaia. near Viterbo. about 40 miles north of Rome. The latter is the one generally referred to, and although one of the smallest of the important villas of the Renais- sance, it is regarded with justice as a perfect example of the type. It was built in 1477 for Cardinal Riario, but was in 1550 or therealiouts remodeled for one of the Farnesi, under the di- rection of the great architect ignola ; and a hundred years later was given by Pope Alexan- der '1I. to the Lante family, who have since held it. The gardens are exceptionally beauti- ful; while they cover less than four acres, with a total length of 775 feet and a width of 245 feet, they are laid out with such .skill that they nowhere appear cramped or insignificant. They occupy a wooded slope, forming four terraces; the two casini or dwellings occupy the second of these, and the lower or first terrace in front of them is laid out in parterres, with a fine sculp- tured fountain in the centre. The upper levels are occupied by plantations of trees, cascades, and summer houses or loggias, all of admirable design. The villa is well preserved, and is (me of the most charming examples of Italian Re- naissance landscape architecture. LANTERN (from Lat. laiitcnia, latcnia, from Gk. ainrTrip, himptCr, torch, from Xd^it- ireiv, lamyeiii, to shine). In architecture, an ornamental structure raised over domes, roofs, etc., to give light and ventilation by openings in its sides. The name is also given to any such projection, even if it has no such openings, and serves merely for decoration, of which that over the intersection of Xotre Dame in Paris is an artistic example. Where a lantern is for the purpose of giving light, and on a smaller scale, it is called a lantern-light. In Gothic architec- ture, a Inntern toner is frequently placed over the centre of cross churches — the vault being at a considerable height, and the light admitted by windows in the sides; though it is hardly correct to call by this name the massive stone towers over the intersection of the transept, as at Lin- coln Cathedral and Saint Ouen at Rouen. York and Ely cathedrals, and many churches in Eng- land, have such lantern-towers. Xearly all domes are surmounted by lanterns ; those of the Cathedral of Florence, of Saint Peter's, Rome, and Saint Paul's, London, are especially famous. LANTERN-FISH. A name given to soft- rayed, peLigie fishes, of a provisional order, Ini- onii. in reference to the fact that most of them ])ossess phosphorescent, luminous organs, reijuiied liv their residence in the dark oceanic abysses. Their general structure is that of iso- spondylous fishes, which have become degraded or degenerate by an unfavorable environment. Their forms are often most unusual and grotesque, great heads with enormous e.yes and large mouths, often studded with formidable teeth, being united with slender and fragile bodies. The bones are weakly ossified, the mesacoracoid is lacking (an eel-like characteristic), and the con- nection of the shoulder-girdle with the cranium is imperfect. Ichthyologists differ as to whether or not the gi'oup should be separated from the Isospondvli : and also whether its component parts should be regarded as families or as gen- era. Jordan and Evermann take the former view, and make the first famil.v that of the lizard-fishes (S^Tiodontidip), including a group of tropical predaceous fishes inhabiting sandy bottoms not far from shore, often brightly col- ored and lizard-like in form, whence the common name 'lagarto' in Spanish America. (See Ltzard- FiSH.) The other families are almost all inhabi- tants of the abysses, and the species are largely