Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/826

* LANESSAN. 748 LANFREY. LANESSAN, la'ir-sa.N', Jean Makie Axtoixe DE ( lS4:i— I. A French politician anil naturalist, born at Saint-AndrL'-ile-Cubzac, Uironde. lie left his medical studies at Bordeaux to enter the health corps of the marine service, and was enga{;ed on the coast of Africa and Coehin- China until the Franco-Gorman War, in which he served as ^urjieon, thoupli he did not grad- uate in medicine till ISTii. He was elected Deputy to the National Assembly in 1881, and again in 1885, and lie also edited for a short time Le Reveil (1881-82) and La Marseillaise, con- tributed to other Republican journals, and inter- ested himself especially in colonial matters. He was sent on missions to Tunis and Cochin-China to determine how far these countries could partici- pate in the exhibition of 1889. and was Governor- General of Indo-China ( 1891-94). His works are: Du protoplastne leyetal (1876); Manuel d'his- loire natiirelle me<lie<ile (1870-81); La niatieie, la vie et les etrcs riiants (1879) ; Elude» stir la doctrine de Darwin (1881): Traile de zoologie and Protozoaircs (1882) ; La botanique (1882) ; Le transformisme ( 1883) : Flore dc /'oris ( 1884) ; Introduction d la botanique and Le sapin ( 188.5) : La Tunisie (1887) : L'expansion coloniale de la France (1888): L'Indo-Chine franfaise (1889); La colonisation franroise en Indo-Chine (1895) ; Frincipes de colonisation (18071. LANE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. A divinity school at Cincinnati, Ohio, founded in 1829, and opened in 1832. It is under the con- trol of the Prcsln-terian Church, but students from other evangelical churches are received. No tuition fee is charged and board is provided at a low cost. There are 39 scholarships, each of the value of .$2,000. The school maintains two clubs, the General Society of Alumni, and the Lane Club, composed of alumni of the vicinity . and professors of the seminari-. The school owns CO acres of ground, given by Elnathan Kemper in 1829, a part of which is occupied by the campus. The seminary owns in addition a library building with over 19.000 volumes, five professors' resi- dences, and a number of houses for rent. Its en- dowment in 1902 was $480,029. its income $18,- 078. and its enrollment 20, with a faculty of five instructors. LANFRANC, irm'frank (c.1005-80). The most eminent of the foreign churchnicn who rose to distinction in the mediaeval Church of Eng- land. He was born of a noble family at Pavia, about 1005. and educated, partly in Pavia. partly at Bologna, for the profession of the law. In the hope of greater distinction, he removed to France, and founded at Avranches, in Nor- mandy, a school of law (c.l039), which soon became one of the most popular in France. In 1042 he entered the monastery of Bee, not far from Rouen, and in 1045 was appointed prior and opened a school in the monastery which was soon thronged. In 10G6 he left Bee and became abbot of a new monastcrj' at Caen founded by William, Duke of Normandy. The latter selected him, after the conquest of England, to fill the primatial see of Canterbury, and he was induced with much re- luctance to accept it in 1070. Under his spiritual rule, the Church of England received as strong an infusion of the Norman element as was forced upon the political system of England by the iron hand of the Conqueror. Lanfranc outlived Wil- liam: and to his influence the historians mainly ascribed the peaceful submission with which that monarch's successor, William Rufus. was accepted by the Kingdom, as well as the comparative mod- eration of the earlier years of his reign. Lan- franc died at Canterbury on May 24, 1089. His chief writings are commentaries" on the Epistles of Saint Paul, the treatise against Berengar, De Corpore el Snnfiui)ie Domini, and sermons. His letters also are interesting. The first coniplcto edition of his works is that of D'Achery (Paris, 1648). They are also found in Migne, I'atrol. Lat.. cl. Consult his Life bv Crozals ( Paris, 1877 1. LANFRANCO, liin'friin'kA, Giovanni (1580- 1047). An Italian historical painter, of the Eclectic School. He was born at Parma, and as a lad was page to the Alarquis of llontalto. He showed such talent for design that his lord ]>laccd him with Agostino Carracci. who was then painting at Parma. After Agostino's death Lan- franco went to Rome to study under Annibale Carracci. and assisted him in the frescoes of the Farne.se Palace. He jiainted in different cities of Northern Italy, decorating the cupola of Santa Maria in Piazzo at Piacenza with frescoes of "Angels in Glory." for the Marquis of Montalto. Paul V. employed him in the Quirinal Palace and Santa ilaria Maggiore. Through intrigue he obtained the commission for the cupola fres- coes of San Andrea della Valle, which Domeni- chino had begun. The subject represented is the "A.scension of the Virgin," surrounded by a mul- titude of angels, and the decoration is one of the most remarkable of the kind ever executed, both in keenness of foreshortening and treatment of light. At Naples he decorated the cupola of the Church of Gesii Nuovo (1631), and painted in other churches, besides finishing the frescoes in the cupola of the chapel of the Treasury in the cathedral, left incomplete at his death by Do- menichino. On his return to Rome in 1646. Lan- franco painted "Saint Peter Walking upon the Se.a" for Saint Peter's Church, and a Passion series for the Chapel of the Crucifix there. As a reward Pope Urban VIII. raised him to knight- hocKl. He died in his villa, near Rome. Lanfranco's chief importance consists in his frescoes, his oil paintings being less pleasing. Of the latter there are numerous examples in all the Italian collections, at Madrid, and in the Louvre. His coloring is brilliant and his style is vigorous, but all his work is superficial in character. He also studied engraving under Agostino Carracci, his most important plates be- ing biblical .subjects of Raphael's "Loggie" in the Vatican, engraved in conjunction with Listo Badalncchio. LANFREY, laN'trS', Piebre (1828-77). A French historian and politician, born at Cham- bery, Savoy. He was educated at the Jesuit col- lege at Chamberi', from which, however, iie was expelled, and at the Lycee Bourbon, Paris, where he completed his studies in 1847. He then took up law at the universities of Grenoble and Turin. His bent, however, was toward philosophical and historical studies, and in 1853 he returned to Paris to enter the world of politics and journal- ism. He first attracted public attention by the publication in 1855 of L'eqlise et les philosophes du ISeme sieele. This was followed in 1857 by his Essai sur la revolution francaisc. and in 1869 by his Uistoire politique des papcs and the social- istic novel Lettres d Everard. The same year he became editor of the Revue yafiOntrle. In 1863