Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/803

* liAMPSACUS. 727 LANCASTER. under the Komans, and was celebrated as the centre of the worship of Priapus (q.v.). LAMP-SHELL. A brachiopod. See Beaciii- OlOUA. LAMPYR'ID.a:. See Firefly. LAMTJTS, hl'mi.its. A people of Tungus stock, who dwell cm the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, in part of Xorthern Kamtchatka and the country to the west. They are the maritime division of the Tungus. The Lamuts came into contact with the Russians in the seven- teenth century, and their village life has been much affected. Consult: Hieckisch, Die Tun- guscn (Saint Petersburg, 187"2) ; Miiller, Unter 'Juiigiisen unci .hikutcn (Leipzig, 1882): Olssuf- jev, "Der Anadyr-Bezirk," in Petcnnanns Mil- teilungen ( tlotha ) for 181)9 ; Bogoras, "The Chukchi of Northeastern Asia," in the American Anthropologist (New York, 1901). LAMY, hi'me', Bernard (1640-1715). A French oratorian. He was born in Le Mans; en- tered the Oratory in Paris (1G58) ; became pro- fessor of philosophy in Saumur (1071); was deposed for advocating the Cartesian philosopliy (1675), and removed to Grenoble, where he taught in the Episcopal seminary till in 1086 he was called to tcadi in a similar school in Paris. Having fallen into difficulties because he had ventured to publish a book without proper permission, he removed to Rouen (1090), and there died January 29, 1715. His fame rests upon several valuable publications: L'art de par- Irr (1075); Apparatus ad Bihlica Sacra (1086, French trans. 1705, English trans. London, 1723) ; a Gospel harmony (1089); Traiie. liistoriquc de Vancirnnc I'uijiic dex Juifs, and its sequel ( 1093) ; and a very elaborate thirty years' study. De Ta- bfrnariilo Fadrrifi, dc Hancta Civitate Jerusalem el dr templo (1720, wifh life by Deswold). LAN'ARK. The county town of Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the Clyde, 30 miles southwest of Edinburgh (Map: Scotland. E 4) . Its industries are oil manufacture, weaving, and nail-making. It has Roman and feudal remains. Here, in 978, Kenneth II. assembled a parliament, and in a niche of the church is a colossal statue of Wal- lace, of whose early exploits Lanark was the scene. Population, in 1891, 5537: in 1901, 6440. The Falls of (lie Clyde are near the town, and a mile to the south lies the manufacturing village nf New Lanark (l)opulatinn, 973). celebrated as the scene of Robert Owen's experiment (1815-27) for the social improvement of the working classes. LAN'ARKSHIRE. An inland county of the soutlnvod in division of Scotland, and the most populous in the country. Area. 882 square miles (]Iap: Scotland, E 4). Population, in 1801. 147.700; in IS.'il. .5.30.170: in 1891, 1,105,- 899: in 1901, 1..339.300. The surface is exceed- ingly varied, and rises from the northwest to the southeast and smith, the princi|ial hills being the T.owthers, which attain a maximum altitude of 2403 feet in Green Hill. The county is watered by the Clyde (q.v.) and its affluents. The northern part is the chief mining region of the county. Iron ore is smelted at Glasgow, Hamilton. Govan. ^rotherwell, etc. The cotton, flax, and woolen manufactures, carried on in and around Glasgow, are the most important sources of wealth in the county. .griciiltur:il pursuits include stock-raising for dairy purposes and market gardening. Capital, Lanark. Lanark- shire, at an early period, was inhabited by the IJamnu, a Celtic tribe. Numerous traces of their habitation exist in the form of mounds, fortifica- tions, and circles. In the seventh centurj- a large district, including Lanarkshire, was sub- dued by the Saxons of Northumbria. LANCASHIRE, Iriij'ka-shOr. A northwestern maritime county of England, bounded north by Cumberland and Westmoreland, east by York- shire, soulli by Cheshire, and west by the Irish Sea (Map: England, D 3). Area, 1757 .square miles. Population, in 1891, 3,926,760; in 1901, 4,400,787. The north and eastern portions are hilly, and the west, toward the coast, level. The chief rivers are the JNlerscy, Ribble, Wyrc, and Leven. heat, oats, and potatoes are generally cultivated, but Lancashire is chiefly a mining and manufacturing county. Coal and iron abound, and lead and fopper are also mined. The manufacture of cotton, machinery, glass, and soap, and ship-building, are e.xtensively carried on in Liverpool, Manchester, Preston, and Black- burn. Capital, Lancaster. In early British days Lancashire was peopled by the Brigantes and Voluntii. At the Conquest it became an earl- dom, afterwards a duchy, and since the reign of Edward IV. is a crown duchy and palatinate. LANCASTER, h-in'kos-tC-r. The capital of Lancashire. England, on the Lune, near its mouth, 45 miles northeast of Liverpool (Map: England, D 2). It has cotton-mills, iron-foun- dries, breweries, potteries, tanneries, and other industries. The harbor has 1700 feet of quays, and a depth of 12 feet at spring tides. There is some trade in coal and limestone. The j>ort in- cludes Glasson Dock, five miles southwest. The town is neat and well built. It has an ancient castle of Roman and Saxon origin, and a fine aqueduct, which carries the Lancaster Canal across the river. It owns its gas, Avater, and electric lighting plants, baths, slaughter-houses, markets, public parks, free library, and supports technical education. The first of its many char- ters was granted bv Kim; .lolui in 1193. Popula- tion, in 1891, .33,300; in 1901, 40,.300. LANCASTER. A town, including several villages, in Worcester County, Mass., 18 miles north by east of Worcester: on the Nashua River, and on the Boston and ilaine Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, D 3). It has the State Industrial School for Girls, and a public library. Though Lancaster is primarily a place of resi- dence and a summer resort, it has dairy and farming interests, and manufactures of cotton goods, yarn, bricks, pumjis. and soap. The gov- ernment is administered by town meetings. The town owns and operates its water-works. Pop- ulation, in 1890, 2201 ; in 1900. 2478. Lancaster, settled about 1051. by .John Prescott, an ancestor of the historian, was incorporated as a town two years Later. In lf>70 Indians massacred forty of its citizens and laid the place in ruins. Consult JIarvin. Histort/ of the Tnirn of Lancaster (Lan- caster. 1879). and The Fnrli/ Records of Lan- caster (Clinton. Mass.. 1884)! LANCASTER. A town and the county-seat of Coos County. N. H.. 127 miles north of Con- cord; on the Israel River, and on the Maine Central and the Boston and Maine railroads (Alap: New Hampshire. H 4). It is a popular residential place and summer resort, attractively