Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/80

* IWAKITRA. 64 lYEYASU TOKUGAWA. (he night of Januaiv 14, 1873, an attempt was made by nine assassins to kill him, i)nt he esiappd. He reiiiaiia'J the Mikado's ehicl conn- eilor until his death. Uis sou. I'lince iwakuia 'I'ouiosada, became one of the chief ofliceis ot the t'l>Ull. IWEIN, e'wftH. (1) A knight of Arthur's itouud Tahh', wliose story was us»'d in the twelfth century by Chrestien de Troyes in his ('liei<ilicr au Lion. Iweiu kills a knight at an eucliauted spring, and marries his widow, I/andine; hut leaves her. promising to return in a year. Fail- ing to keep his word, he loses Laiidine's love, and. beeomiiig iusane. wanders about until, after nuiny adventures, he is af;ain reconciled with l^andine. (2) The most important and complete work of Harlmann von Aue. It is an independent and free adaptation of Chrestien de Troyes's Cheealier au Lion. IXI'ON (Lat., from Gk. 'If/u.-). In Greek legend, a king of the Lapithie (q-V. ). He mar- ried ])ia. the daughter of DcVoneus, and later by treadiery caused his death. When no one would purify liim from the murder he prayed to Zeus, who pardoned him, invited him to his table, and gave him immortality. Intoxicated by the nectar, he souglit to seduce Hera, but was deceived by a eloiul in lier image, and by this became father of the centaurs ((|.v. ). As a punishment he was fastened by serpent bonds to a tiery wheel jierpetually rolling through the air. Later writers transferred the .scene of his punishment to Tartarus. The storj- is later tlian the Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. IXTAPALAPA, v'sta-pa-lii'pa. A suburb of Jlexico t'ity (M;ip, .Mexico, U 9). It was an im- portant place at the time of the conquest by Cortes. Population, about ."5000. IXTLILXOCHITL II., fst-lels6-che't'l (c. l.">ll(l c'.l.'i-'iO I . A chief of the Tezeucans. the most civilized among the primitive races of Mex- ico. Ixtlilxochitl was the son of the famous King Netzalnialpilli, and at his father's death (1510) he disputed the right of his elder brother to the throne, seeking help to establish himself as King (1.520) from the Spaniards. > who had ar- rived to begin their career of conquest. He sup- porte(] ihem throughout, tlius gaininu the hatred of other native princes, of his kindred, the .ztecs, and even of his own people ; bvit lie persevered, and. according to Cortes. broight .'jO.OOO follow- ers to aid in the Spanish siege of Mexico. After its fall he became a Christian, with the new name nernan Cortes, and his godfather took him with himself to Hibucras (1525). IXTLILXOCHITL, FKRX.xno de Alva ( 15(iS ?ir,lS). . Mexican historian. He was n grandson of the last native chief or King of the Tezcuco tribe and of his principal wife, who was a daughter of Cuitlahuatzin. the successor of T^fontezmna. After sraduating at the College of the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz) at Tlaltelolco. he was appointed interpreter to the viceregal court for trying native eases, a position in which lie was able to render jrreat assistance to the former subjects of his family. His birth and position enabled him to gather a great amount of invaluable information relating to the past history of tlie two native peoples from whom he was descended. He mastered the hieroglyphics of . ahuac. made large collections of manu- scripts, familiarized himself with the traditions and folk-lore of the country, and drew his infor- mation in some instances from those who had come into contact with the CoiiiiuiHladorcn. AU this data he carefully presened in his luimcrous livlaciotus hi.stuiicii.s, which to a large extent are repetitions and condensations of each other. The IJisloria ChicUimeca is the most important of his writings, and was completed in lUlG. Uis works, edited by Sefior Alfredo Chavero, were published by the Mexican (iovernnient in 1891- !)2 ; but in manuscript form they were used by Prescott in his Coiujucsl of Mexico. lYEMITSU TOKUGAWA, ^-ya'mlt'sv to'- kougji'wa (1(1114-51). A Japanese statesman of the .seventeenth centuiy, grandson of lyeyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa line of Shoguns. He succeeded to the title in 1024, and proved himself the ablest, after lyeyasu, of the fifteen shoguns of the line. He continued, and complet- ed in 1038-41. the policy of his grandfather in excluding all foreign inlluenees, not only exi)el- ling all foreigners and eradicating every trace of Christianity, but also forbidding all natives, under penalty of death, to leave the country; and the better to secure this end, he ordered the destruc- tion of all seagoing vessels. The Dutch were confined to the little artificial island of Deshiraa. in Nagasaki Harbor, and their intercourse with the outer world was limited to two ships a year. The Knglish had already retired from llirado. The persecution of the Christians was fierce and bloody, and in IG.'iS 37,000 of them were hurled from the precipitous clili's of Pappenberg near Nagasaki, and thousands more were tortured to death. He rebuilt and greatly enlarged Yedo, and erected the gorgeous shrines at Nikko, where he lies beside his illustrious grandfather. Con- sult (JrifTis, The Mikndo'fs Empire (New York, 187C). I-STEYASU (or lEYASIT) TOKUGAWA, 6-ya'ya-s' to'kr^-^rii'svu (1542-1010). A famous Japanese general and statesman, the first Shogtm of the Tokugawa line, and the founder of the peace and order under which tlie .Japanese lived from the year 1004 to 1868. Though a descendant of the famous Minamoto elan, his father was a humble peasant. He served with distinction under both Xobunaga and Hideyoshi (qq.v. ). On the death of Hideyoshi, in 1598. great dissen- sions arose among the territorial barons or daimios in regard to his successor. Many, in- eluding lyeyasu. had sworn to protect Hide- yoshi's son Hideyori, then a child of si.x. and to secure his succession ; but many more opposed his claim as the son of a person of low birth, and sided with lyeyasu when a movement against him compelled him to take up arms. In a bloody battle at Sekigahara, on October 10. 1000. lye- yasu utterly routed his enemies, killing 10.000 of them. Wholesale confiscations followed, and with these lands he rewarded his adherents in such a way as to secure his own aiithority throughout the country. Later he captured the castle at Osaka, where the child Hideyori was with his mother, and in 1003 reported to the !Mikado. receiving from him the appointment of head of the Jlinanioto clan, and that of Sei-i-tai Shogim. or 'Barbarian - quelling - great - general.' Xot long after he received the submission and lioniage of the barons at Yedo. v.hicli he made his capital. The better to maintain his authority,