Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/795

* LAMENNAIS. 721 LAMIA. and a fine of 2000 francs. On his release he pur- sued his crusade with unrelenting bitterness. Tliouyli rejecting the fundamental diiginas of ('hristianity, lie endeavored to retain it as a re- ligion of brotherhood, and in his IJsi/uixse d'une philoHuphie (4 vols., 1841-40) threw his ideas into philosophical form. He hailed the Revolution of 1S4S as the dawn of the new day, and, as a Deputy to the Constituent Assembly, drew Tip a com])lete ))lan for a social organization which was to be the salvation of France and of Europe. W hen it was n'jected. lie took no furtlier ])art in puldic affairs, and now despaired even of his cora- inunislic (,'hristianity. He withdrew to La Chesnaye. and the coup d'etat of December, 1851, [lut the finishing stroke to his hopes. He died February 27, 1854, refusing all religious minis- trations, and was buried without ceremony in an unmarked grave in P&re-Lachaise. Consult: his works. CEurrcs completes (10 vols., Paris, 2d ed. 1844-47) ; (Eurrcs postkumes, e<lited l)v Forgues (5 vols., ib., 1855-581 ; (louvres incilil.s. edited by Blaize (ib., 18fi) ; Correspond- aiice (2d ed. by Forgues, ib., 1804) ; Confidences <lc Lamciinais, edited by Bois de la Villerabol (ib., 1880); Lcttres inediles a ilontalembert, edited by Forgues (ib., 1898) ; Renan, Essais de morale ct de critique (ib., 1854) : Scherer. Etudes sur Id liltcrature contemporaine (ib., 1870-8.3); Sainte-Iicuve, Portraits eontemporains (ib., 1881- 82) ; Dowden. <S7»r/ics in Lilerature (2d ed., London. 1880) ; .lanet. La jihilosopliie de La- mrnnais (Paris, 1890) ; Spuller, Lamcnnais (ib., 1S92) : (iibson. Tlie Abbe de Lamennais and the Liberal Catliolic Movement in France (London, 1890) ; Roussel, Lamcnnais intime (Paris, 1897) ; Lilly, "Lamennais," in Forlnifihth/ Jfe- vicw (London, 1899) ; Kaufmann, Christian So- cialism (ib.. 1888) ; Brandes, Main Currents of yinctccnth Ccntunj Literature, English transla- tion, vol. iii., "The French Reaction" (London, 190.3). LAMENTATIONS, Book of. See Jeremiah, L/>.MKXT,Tlo;s OF. LA MESA, la ma'sa. A town in the Depart- ment (if Cundinamarea. Colombia, situated on an alilucnt of the Magdalena, 30 miles west of Bo- gota. It lies in a beautiful plain over 4000 feet al)ove I he sea, surrounded by coffee and sugar ]ilantations, has a handsome town hall, and an active conuocrce in cacao, salt, gi'ain, and hats. Population, over 9000, LAMETH, la'niet', Alex.vmjrk. Count de (170-1S2(I). A French soldier and politician, brother of Charles ilalo Francois Lanieth. He was Ikmii in Paris. After .serving as aide in America under Rochambeau during the Ameri- can Revolution, he returned to France, and in 1789 was Deimty to the States-General. He soon joined the Third Estate, however; aided in the overthrow of the noble and ecclesiastical priv- ileges; and in 1790, as member of the Xaticmal .ssemldy, advocated reforms and the abolition of [irivileges. After the declaration of war with .Austria (1792) he was made Mnri'chal de Camp, but his efforts to ntoderate the fury of the )ieopl«> were misunderstood, and. accused of treason by the Assembly, he was forced to Hee with Lafayette. With the latter he was impris- oned by the .-ustrians from 1792 to 1795. and was not allowed to return to France until 1800. Shortly after his return, he was made a count by Xapoleon. He held various prefectships under the Empire and later under the Restoration; and troui 1819 to 1825 served as leader of the opposi- tion in the Chamlier of Deputies. In addition to numerous political and military articles, Lameth published a Histoire de I'assembUe constituante (2 vols., 1829). LAMETH, Cii.RLE.s Malo Fi{a.n(,ois, Count lie ( 17o7-1S.j2). A French general and politician, brother of the preceding. He assisted the Ameri- can Colonies in their war for independence, and while aide under Rochambeau at the battle of Vorktown was seriously wounded. In 1791 he was elected member of the Xational Assembly by the nobility, and declared himself in favor of reforms, but liis opposition to iliral>eau brought about his arrest in 1792. He escaped to Ham- burg, where, joined by his brother Alexandre, he engaged in commerce (1795-97). Return- ing to France (1800), he lived in retirement until 1809, when he fought under Napoleon. He later joined the Bourbons, attained the rank of lieutenant-general (1815), and was elected Dep- uty in 1827. LA METTRIE, la metre', .Juliex Offray de (1709-51). A French physician and materiali-st. He was born at Saint-Malo: was educated at Paris, at Rheims, and under Boerhave in Leyden ; and in 1742 became physician to the (Jardes Fran- caises. He fought at Dettingen and Fontenoy, but in 1740 was driven from France, and then from Leyden on account of his materialistic nistoire naturelle de Vt'ime. He was well re- ceived by Frederick the Great, and wrote L'homme machine (1748); L'homme plante ( 1748) ; and Iic(lexions sur Vorigine des animaux (17.50), His Ourrage de Penelope ou le Ma- chiarel en medecine (1748) was a general attack on all the great scientists and physicians of his time. LAMI, la'me'. Loos Eug^xe (1800-90). A French artist in water-colors, born in Paris. He studied with Gros and Horace Vcrnet. and made his debut at the Salon ( 1824 I with two oil paint- ings. ""Etude de chevaux" and "Le cond>at de Puerto de Jliravento" ( Luxembourg Gallery ) . He made extensive travels through Europe, and after the Revolution of 1830 was engaged to teach water-colors to some of the Orleans princes and gradually devoted himself chiefly to that branch of art. in which he produced such works as '"L'orgie" (1853); "Bal de I'opera" (1859); "L'escalier de niarbre de Versailles" (1801); "L'abdication de Marie Stuart" (Universal Ex- position, ISO") ; "Dernier autoda-fC> il Madrid en 1G70" and "Trianon en 1750" (1873); "Knox pricbant devant ^farie-Stuart" and "Interieur du musce du pavilion de Pn'gny" (1877). He also made beautiful water-colors to illustrate "Manon Lescaut" (1808) ; "Gil Bias." :M,-.rinuVs "Charles IX." ( 1878), and the works of Alfred de ilusset ( 1801). A number of his battle pictures are in the Versailles Galleries: his drawings and vignettes are specially good. He was a founder of the Society of Water Color Artists, received a second-class medal in 1855. and became an of- ficer of the Legion of Honor in 1803. LA'MIA (Lat.. from Gk. Aa^'a). (1) In Greek ni>-thology, the daughter of Poseidon and mother by Zeus of Herophile, the Dcliibic sibyl. (2) A beautiful Libvan queen whom Zeus loved. Hera in jealousy robbed her of her children, and Lamia was transformed into a hideous monster.