Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/755

* LADIES OF QUEEN'S HOUSEHOLD. 681 LADISLAS. ladies of the bculcliamber and the liedehaiiiber women are personal attendants, ministering to the state of lier ilajesty. The maids of honor, of whom there are nine, are immediate attendants on tile royal person, and in rotation perform the duty of aceompan.ying the Queen on all occasions. LADINO, hi-de'no l from Lat. Lalinux. Latin ) . (1) A term of various ethnological ap])lications, denoting the Romansch dialect and the closely related diah'cts spoken in the Tyrol and Friuli ; ii) the old tastilian language in Spain; I."!) a llis]iaMo-I'ortuj,'uese dialect of Latin, spoken by Turkish and other .Jews; (4) a name applied in the Central American States to the descend- ants of Latin-American fathers and Indian mothers. As in the mulattoes in the United States, their color is a blend of the two races, and the hair is wavy. LADISLAS, lad'is-las, or LADISLAUS ( Ihing. /.(/.sc/fi. and for the kings of Poland and Bohemia Vliis^lo). The name of several kings of Lhmgary. of whom one ruled also over Po- land and two over Bohemia. — Lai)I.si...s L, the Sai.nt (died 109.5), was the son of Bela L, and, after acquiring fame by hi.s victories over the Cumans, succeeded his brother Gejza as King of Hungary in 1077. He subdued the Croatians (1001) and established the Christian religion among them. He forced the Cumans likewise to embrace Christianity. He died in the midst of preparations for a crusade to I he Ibdy Land, and was canonized by Pope Celestine TIL in 1108. — Laoisl.v.s IV.. surnamed the Cunian, succeeded his father, Stephen IV., in 1272. He attacked the Cumans and defeated them ; but, reinforced by hordes of the Nogai Tatars, they swept over Hungary in a wave of invasion (128.5), and Laclislas was forced to make terms with them. He adopted some of their customs and put away his wife to marry one of their princesses. He was assassinated by a Cuman in 1200. — Laths- las (I'ladislas), King of Hungary (1440-44) and Poland (1434-44). See Lamsla.s III.. King of Poland. — Ladisi-as VI. (V.), Postiumus, King of Hungary' and Bohemia. He was the jiost humous son of Albert II.. the third Llapsburg King of Germany, by Elizabeth, the heiress of the Kuipernr Sigisniund. and was born in 1440. He was King of Bohemia from his birth, and at the age of five was inade King of Hungary. His guardian, the Emperor Frederick 111. (of the House of Austria), would not allow him to re- pair to his realms initil he had reached the age ot about thirteen years. The great general .Jiinos llunyady (q.v. ) conducted the government of Hungary during the minority of l.adislas, while in Bohemia tlie govermuent passed into the hands of (ieorge I'oiliebrad (i|.v.). Ladislas died in 14.57, in his eighteenth year. — Laui.sla.s (I'lad- islas) VII. iVI.) was elected King of Hungary in 1400. nineteen years after his accession to the throne of Bohemia. He died in 1.510. and was succeeded by his son, Louis II. His daugh- ter Anna married Ferdinand I. of IIapsbirg. LADISLAS. or LADISLAUS (e.137.5-1414). King of Xajiles from 1380 to 1414. of the House "f Anjou. He was the son of Charles III. (of Durazzo). and on his father's death succeeded to the crown under the regency of his mother. From the beginning he was forced to contend against a faction among the nobility, led by tlie jiowerful family of Sanseverini. who set up Louis 11. of Anjou as a rival candidate for the throne. In 1391 Louis invaded Naples, but after eight years of warfare was driven out by Ladislas, who from an early age had evinced remarkable military talents and a restless energj-. He had succeeded, besides, in gaining the support of Pope Boniface IX., and winning over the Angevin Party. Once freed from his rival, Ladislas turned ui)on the turbulent nobility and crushed them into lion- resistance. He then gave his attention to for- eign conquests, for which Central Itah', rent by (he Great Schism, oll'ered a fair field. Play- ing both with the Pope and the people of Rome, he succeeded in inciting the populace against Innocent VII., who in 140.5 was forced to flee from the city. Rome was sacked in the same year by the forces of Giovanni Colonna, but Ladislas's attempt to gain possession of the city failed, and in 1406 he was forced to come to terms with the Pope. In 1408 he made himself mas- ter of Rome without meeting resistance, and forced Gregory XII. to sell to him for 2.5,000 llorins the States of the Church with Rome itself. In 1409 a league was formed against him by Pope Alexander V.. Florence, Siena, and Louis of Ajijou. and in the following year Ladislas was expelled from Rome. The war against the King of Naples was carried on vigorously by Pope .John XXIII., whose forces, under the com- mand of Paolo Orsini, defeated Ladislas at Roc- casecca in May, 1411. The King, neverthe- less, succeeded in detaching Florence from the alliance, and made his peace with the Pope. This was but to gain time. In .June, 1413, he took Rome and comiiclled .John XXIII. to llee. His plans for establishing a powerful Italian king- dom seemed well on the way toward realization when he was struck down by disease and died at Castelnuovo, August 0, 1414. In 1403 he had been crowned King of Hingary at Zara, a title which had soon to be laid down. Consult Creigh- ton, Uixtani of the Papiicti i Boston, 1882). LADISLAS. or VLADISLAV. The name of several kings of Poland. — Ladislas I., surnamed Lokietek, 'the Short' (1200-1333), was the son of Duke Casiniir of Cujavia, and in 1288 made himself King of Poland with the assistance of a party among the nobility. He was compelled, however, to wage war against the Duke of Silesia ami the King of Bohemia, and was driven by the latter from the country. After the death of the Bohemian King in 1305. he succeeded in making himself master of Cracow, and in 1312 completely crushed his enemies, thus reuniting the Polish territories under his rule. In 1320 he was crowned King of Poland, with the sanction of the Pope. The marriage of his son Casimir with Anna, daughter of Gedimin. Prince of Lithuania, prepared the way for the union of that country with Poland.— Ladislas II. (1348-1434) was the son of Olgerd. Prince of Lithuania, and succeeded his father in 1377, being known before his ac- quisition of the Polish throne as .Tagello. In 138G he was converted to Christianity, adopted the name of Ladislas, and married Hedwig. heir- ess of Louis the Great. King of Hungary and Poland, ascending the throne as Ladislas II. He became the founder of a dynasty which ruled over Poland until K572. (See .Tagelloxs. ) His ell'orts were directed toward preserving the union between Lithuania and Poland, and extending the power of the latter country. He carried on long wars against the Teutonic Knights, anil in 1410 gained a decisive victory over them at Tan-