Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/738

* LACE. 670 LACHAISE. in the Souih Kensington Museum (London, 1881) ; supplements to above (1891 and 1895) ; id. (editor), Hand-Made Laces (London, 1890); Palliser, History of Lace (New York, 1902). LACEBARK TREE {Lagetta Untearia). A lofty tree of the natural ordar ThymeliBaeese, native of the West Indies, with ovate, entire, smooth leaves and white flowers. It is remark- able for the tenacity of the fibres of its inner Iiark, which may be separated after maceration in water into layers resembling coarse lace. A Governor of Jamaica is said to have presented a cravat, frill, and ruflles made of it to Charles II. It is also used in making ropes, whips, etc. The plant is sometimes giown in greenhouses as a curiosity. LACE-BUG. A bug of the family Tingitidae. The wings and body are covered by a. lacolike mesliwork of fine lines. These bugs feed upon the juices of plants, clustering usually upon the leaves. Their eggs are fastened to the leaves by a brown sticky substance. Cori/thuca arciiata is especially abundant on hawthorn-trees, and Cori/thucn cilinta on the sycamore. LACED.a;'MON (Lat., from Gk. AaKeSalfiwy, Lal-idaimuii). The ancient name of Laconia. sometimes applied to Sparta (q.v. ). LACELEAF. A Madaga.scar aquatic plant. See Lattkele.vf. LACEPEDE, la'si'ped', Bernwro Germain Etienxe de la Ville, Count de (1756-1825). A French naturalist, bom at Agen. lie early showed his loe for natural history, and at the same time cultivated music and composed sev- eral operas, which. however, were never produced. Gluck encouraged his talents in this direction, and Lacf'p^dc wrote a treatise on La poetique de la muxique (1785), which was favorably re- ceived. After the appearance of his Essai sur Vflectricite (1781) and Physique ghi^rale ct particuliore (1782-84). BufTon appointed him sub-demonstrator in the .Jardin du Roi. His Bisldire des qiiadrupides oviparcs et dcs ser- ■pents (1788-89) and Histoire natureUe den rep- Hies (1789), for many years the standard work on the subject, despite its inevitable errors, are continuations of Buffon's Histoire naturcHe. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly in 1791, but did not remain in Paris during the Reign of Terror. After his return he was ap- pointed to a special chair for instruction in the history of rejitiles and fishes at the .lardin des Plantes, and in 1700 became a member of the Insti- tute, lih Histoire naturelle des poisxonf: (1798- 1803) and L'hinloire des Celaces { 1804) are also continuations of Buffon's great work. From 1799 until the end of his life Lacfp&de took a promi- nent part in polities. He was made Senator in 1799 ; in 180,3 he became grand chancellor of the Legion of Honor, and in 1809 Minister of State. After the Restoration of 1814 he was made a peer. His other works include: Histoire g^&rale physique et civile de I'Europe depuis les dernieres ann^es du Teme sicele jusque vers le milieu du XVIIIeme (18 vols., 1826) ; Lesdgesde la nature et Vhistoire de I'espcee humaine (1830) : and numberless articles contributed to miscellaneous publications. His works on natural history were collected and published in 1826. 1830. and 1840. LACERTILIA, las'er-tn'I-a. or LACER- TIDM (Xeo-Lat., from Lat. lacertus, lacerta. lizard). The lacertilians or lizards constitute an order (Autosauri or Lacertilia or Lacertoidea) of saurians, comprising the lizards as distin- guished from the snakes. One suborder is known as Lacert;e, and includes all the forms except the geckos on the one hand, and the chameleons on the other. The typical family of this suborder is Lacertidsp. and its type genus Lacerta. This ex- presses the views of Cope, Boulenger, and Gadow. See Lizard. LACERTO, LAGARTO. See Lizard-Fish. LACEWING. Any insect of the neuropter- ous family Hemerobiid:e. The most common forms belong to the genus ChrT,-sopa, the golden- eyed flies. They are green or yellowish-green insects, with gauze-like net-veined wings, and emit a very disagreeable odor. The eggs are sup- ported ujion a long, thread-like peduncle, and are thus protected from the depredations of their own larva?, which prey upon insect-eggs, small A LACEWING (Cbrysopa ocntata). a. Ailnlt fly. enlarged about four times: b, larra, de- vouring a psylla; t: three etallied epjjrs: d. cocoon, showing the hinged cap lifted by the emerging imago. larva", and especially upon aphids, and for this reason are called "aphis - lions.' The mature larva spins a cocoon from which the pupa escapes before the final molt by means of a circular lid or opening. They are commonly parasitized by the chalcis-flies (q.v.) of the genus Isodromus. About forty species have been recorded from temperate Xorth America. LACHAISE, la'shaz', Fraxi.ois d'Aix de ( ll!2417il'.M . A Jesuit priest, the confessor of Louis XIV. He was bom at Aix, in what is now the Department of Loire. He had been rector of the Jesuit academies at Grenoble and Lyons, and was head of the latter pro^■ince when Louis called him to be his confessor on the death of Father Ferrier, Xovember. 1675. In the most impor- tant question of his time Father Lachaise avoid- ed extreme courses. He sustained among his contemporaries the reputation of a man of mild, simple, and honorable character. He did not favor violence against the .Tansenists, was a friend of Ffnelon. and though partially respon- sibl'.> for the revocafion of the Edict of Nantes, retrretted the atrocities that followed. In spite of the difTiculties of his delicate position at Court, during the thirty-four years that he filled his