Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/729

* LABOULAYE. 663 LA BRXJYERE. religieuse (1858); an introduction to Fleury's Inslilut'wn ail droit frain-iiin (18.)8); AhduUiih, an Arabian romance (185!)) ; La propriitv litle- raire an XVlllime .vicclv ( 1850) ; Lcs Etats-Vnia el la, France (1802); L'Klat et ses limites ( 18G3) ; Etude siir la pulilu[ue de H. de Tocque- ■ville (1863); La rcpulili</uc const it utioncllc (1871). Lalioulayc likewise translali'd from I'.'iiglisli into Frcncli, Walter, On the Law Pro- crcdinys of tliv Uonnins, Cliannin^/s social works, and t'lianning On t<Uncry in the United Htates, with an essay on his life and doctrines; also, Franklin's Memoirs and Correspondence, with an introduction. His contributions to French re- views, legal and political, and to the journals ot Paris, were very numerous. He died "May 24, 18s:!. LABOTJRDONNAIS, la'bnCr'diVna', Ber- TRANi) FiiA.N(ois ilAiiE UE ( 10001753 ) . A Frencli naval officer, born in Saint-Malo. He entered the service of the Frencli East India Company as a lieutenant in 1718, and was promoted to the position of captain in 1724. In 1735 he became Governor-General of Ile-de-France and lle-de-Bourbon, and received command of a squad- ron in 1741. In the war between England and France he gained a victory over an English fleet, near Madras, and captured that town in 1746. Owing to his disagreement with Dupleix (q.v. ), Oovcrncjr-General of the French Indies, concern- ing the terms offered to the English, he was re- called to France in 1748 and im|)risoned in tiie Bastille for three years. Some authorities as- cribe liis disgrace to Duplei.'s jealousy. In 1751 he was tried by a commission appointed by the Council of State, and acquitted. He was re- stored to liberty, but his spirit was crushed and he died in i)nverty in 1753. LAB'RADOR. A name applied to the whole of the northeastern peninsula of British North America, l.ying between the (!ulf of Saint Law- lence and Hudson Bay (ilap: Canada. S 5). I'olitically, however, Labrador is a territory be- longing to the British Colony of Newfound- land. It extends along the northeastern coast of the peninsula from the Strait of Belle Isle to (ape Chidlcy, at the eastern entrance to Hudson Strait. Tha western boundary of the territory is indefinite, hut may be taken as roughly coin- ciding with the fi5th degree of west longitude. Tlie southern jiart of the ])eninsula is a part of the Canadian Province of (Quebec, and the whole western lialf forms the Terrilorv of Ungava (q.v.). The coast of Labrador Territory is similar to that of Norway or Greenland. It is indented with numerous bays and fjords, behind chains of small, roekv islands, and it presents an abrupt wall of rocky clills f r( ni 1000 to 6000 feet in height. The interior, like that of I'ngava, con- sists of a plateau showing everywhere signs ot glacial action, with numerous lakes and streams, and overspread with boulders. The prinei]iiil stream is the Hamilton, nr (irand River, which empties into Hamilton Inlet, the largest fjord on the coast, and whose Grand Falls (q.v.) e.vceed Niagara in height, thousih not in volume. The southern parts of the interior are covered with extensive forests, which gradually diminish into the bare (nndras of the north. The climate in the coast refjion is very severe, cold and stormy: but the winter climate is nevertheless, on account of its dryness, bearable and healthful. ( For the llora and fauna of the interior, .see Ungava.) There are no agricultural products, though cabbugei and potatoes can be raised. Of mineral pr idurts the most important are iron ore and labradorite, which are plentiful. The chief wealth and im- portance- of the Territory lie in its fisheries, which rival those of Newfoundland, and are ex- ]>loited every season by over 30.000 fishermen from Canada, Newfoundland, and the United States. Cod, salmon, and trout are especially abundant, and the annual value of the catch sometimes exceeds .$4,000,000. The inhabitants of Labrador Territory number a little over 4000, and consist chielly of Eskimo in the north and Indians in the south, who live by fishing, hunting, and trapping fur-bearing animals. There are a few whites scattered along the coast settle- ments, among which are a number of Moravian missionaries, who have had stations here for more than ,i century, and lune succeeded in con- verting most of the Eskimo to Christianity. The coast of Labrador was visited by Norse settlers of Greenland early in the eleventh cen- tury, and by them called Helluland — the land of rocks. About 1500 Corteral landed on the coast and gave it its present name, which means ia- borei',' because he expected it to supply the slave trade. It was visited by the French, and later by the English, and became a part of Can- ada. In 1703 the present territory became a dependency of Ncwfoundhuid. LABRADOR DUCK. See Duck. LAB'RADORITE. A variety of feldspar, con- sisting of aluminum, calcium, and sodium sili- cate, that crystallizes in the triclinic system. It 13 an essential constituent of the early rocks, and is found in Norttiern Euro|)e and at various places in Labrador. The cleavable varieties "how a beautiful change of color, especially when pol- ished, in consequence of which slabs of it arc used for ornamental purposes. Table-tops, snufT-boxPS, and other articles are sometimes made of it. LABRADOR TEA. See Ledim. LAB'RIDjE (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. htlirnm. lipi. A family of spiny-rayed fishes living mostly in the warm seas among rocks or kelp. There are 00 genera and 450 species, many of them brilliantly colored. Some of them are valuable for food: among others the tautog (q.v.) is very important. To this family belong the wrasses. LABROTTSTE, la'broost'. Pierre FRANt^ors Henri (1801-75). . French architect, born in Paris, and the brother of Theodore Labrouste (1700-1885). also an architect. He was a pupil of Vaudoyer and Lebas, and won the Prix de Rome in 1824. .fter his return to Paris he was associated with Duban in the eonstruclion of the Ecole des Beaux-.rts. His best-known works are the Hospital at Lausanne (1831). the Library of Saint Genevieve in Paris (1S43-50K and the National Library in Paris (1855-73). which he partially reconstructed. In hotti these last- named buil.Iings Labrouste was very successful in his use of metal for interior and exterior decoration. LABRUNIE, l;Vbn.i'n.'', Gif.RARn. The correct name of the French novelist GOrard de Nerval (q.v.l. LA BRUYERE. li bn.i'var'. .Tea nE (104.5- 00 ). A French essayist. He was born in Paris,