Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/71

* ITHACA. ITO. tawba Indian village 'Coreorgonol.' built about 1753 and destroyed in 1779 (September 24th) by a division of Sullivan's amiy. Consult Sel- kreg (editor). Landmarks of Tompkins County (Syracuse, 1894). ITH'AKI (formerly Ithaca, Gk. 'Wax^, Itha- ke). One of the Ionian Islands, situated east of Cephalonia. from which it is separated by a narrow channel (Map: Greece. B 3). It is ob- long in shape, and has an area of about 38 square miles. Its surface is generally mountainous, ris- ing in the northern part to an altitude of 2G00 feet. The coasts are well indented, and the mountain slopes are covered with vines, olives, and other southern fruits. Besides the produc- tion of currants and oil, the natives also engage in seafaring and fishing. Administratively, Ith- aki forms a part of the Greek Xomarcliy of Cephalonia, and had in 1896 a population of 11,049. The chief town, Vathi, is the seat of a Greek bishop, and in 1806 bad a population of 4697. Ithaki is celebrated as the home of Ulys- ses, and .some cyclopean ruins near Porto JIolo are popularly reputed to be the remains of the Castle of Ulysses. ITHOME, I-tho'me (Lat., from Gk.'Wuurj). In Greek mythology, one of the n^nnphs by whom the infant Zeus was nursed. The Messenian hill and fortress of the same name were called after her. ITHU'RIEL. ( 1 ) In Milton's Paradise Lost, one of the two guardian angels directed by Ga- briel to discover and bring before him Satan, who had surreptitiously obtained access to the Garden of Eden for the purpose of beguiling Adam and Eve. (2) In Klopstock's Messiah, the guardian angel of Judas Iscariot. and, after his fall, the second angel of Simon Peter. ITINERANCY (from itinerant, from Lat. itinerari. to journey, from iter, OLat. itiner, journey, from ire, Gk. Uvai, ienai, Skt. i, to go). A term applied to limited pastorates in the Methodist Church. The system originated with ^esley. To accomplish what he considered neces- sary for the revival of religion in England, he traveled from town to town. and. remaining but a. day or two in a place, adopted the plan of commissioning a few competent men to preach in the societies which he had organized. These helpers, as he called them, rapidly increased, but the societies increasing still more rapidly, he found it necessai-y to extend and methodize their labors, and accordingly appointed them to defini- tive circuit-s for a year. At first the whole coun- try was divided into seven of these itinerant districts, and at Wesley's death there were seventy-two in England, three in Wales, seven in Scotland, and twenty-eight in Ireland. The cir- cuits were long, and the preachers were changed from one circuit to another every year or two. The system was well adapted to conditions in America among the feebler churches, and gen- erally among the frontier settlements of the West. In course of time it came to be looked upon with disfavor by many in the Methodist Episcopal Church North of "the United States. The length of time that a minister might remain in one place was lengthened, and at the General Conference held in Chicago in 1900 the time limit was removed, but preachers are still ap- pointed from year to year by the bishop. ITINERARY (Lat. itinerarium, from iter, OLat. itiner, journey). The name given by the Romans to a table of the stopping-places between two places of importance, with the distances from one to another. The itineraries of the an- cients contribute much to our acquaintance with ancient geography, and all seem to date from the later period of the Roman Empire. Of these the most important are the Itineraria Antonini and the Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum. The /cin- eraria Antonini are two in number, the Itinerari- um Provinciarum and the Itinerarium Mariti- mnm, the fonner containing the routes through the Roman provinces in Europe, Asia, and Africa; and the latter the principal routes of navigators, who then sailed mainly along the coasts. They take their name from Antoninus Caracalla, by whom they were first published, as corrected up to his time, but they seem to have been originally prepared at an earlier date. The Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum was dra'n up a.d. 333, for the use of pilgrims from Burdigala (Bordeairx) to Jerusalem. Among other examples is the Itinerarium Alexnndri, in which the route of march of Alexander the Great is laid down. A collected edition of ancient Itineraria was pub- lished in Paris in 1845 by D'L'rban. Besides, the Antonine and .Jerusalem itineraries are edited by Parthey and Pinder (Berlin, 1847); the Alex- andri by Volkmann (Xaumburg, 1871) ; that of Antoninus Placentinus by Gildemeister (Berlin, 1889). The famous so-called Peutingerian Table (q.v.) should be mentioned here — a traveler's map of all the great highways of the Roman Em- pire. It exists in a manuscript of the thirteenth centurj-, but was originally compiled in the third or fourth century a.d., and is published by Miller, Die Weltkarte des Castorius (Ravensburg, 1888). At the mineral springs Aquw Apollinares, near Vicarello. in Tuscany, were found four silver cups in the form of milestones, inscribed with lists of the stopping-places on the journey from Gades (Cadiz) to Rome. IT IS NEVER TOO LATE TO MEND. A novel by Charles Reade (1856). ITITJS PORTTJS, Ish'I-us por'tus. The place where C^sar. B.C. 55 and 54, .set out on his expe- ditions to Britain, probably the modern village of Wissant or Duessant, on the coast of France, near Boulogne. ITO, e'to, HlBOBUMi. Jlarquis (1840—). A Japanese statesman, born in the Province of Choshiu. Under the patronage of the progressive dainiio ilori, be. with Inouye (q.v.) and others, eluded the vigilance of the Yedo spies and reached England, where they spent two years as students, but hurried home to dissuade the Choshiu officers from war with the combined" fleet of British, United States, Dutch, and French men-of-war at Shimonoseki (q.v.). Though un- able to dissuade from fight, he assisted in the negotiations which followed, and helped to open the eyes and set the faces of his beaten clans- men to a new goal, the unity of all .Tapan under the Mikado, with enlarged powers and with new forms of civilization patterned after Western models. In 1871 he studied the coinage system of the United States, and his report resulted in the adoption of a decimal system of money and the establishment of the mint at Osaka. As one of the vice-ambassadors, he accompanied IwSkura