Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/706

* LABADIE. 6i2 LABAUD. Antoinette Bourignon. Expelled from the coun- try as a separatist, he went in ItiTO to llerford, whore he was protected by the I'rineess Eliz- abeth, who, through the influence o£ Anna Maria von Schiirnian, became a disciple. Driven from this place in 1074, he went to Bremen and then to Altona, where he died February 13, 1074. He left numerous works. The Labadists did not dilfer entirely from the Kcformed Church, but adhered to its doctrinal symbols. They were a set of mystics, who sought reform of life rather than of" doctrine. They supported themselves by manual labor, and, after the example of the primitive Church, held proi>erty in common; they laid great stress on the internal light as indis- pensable for the understanding of the Bible, and rejected infant baptism and the observance of holy days. They honored the in>titution of mar- riaire. After Laliadies death his followers settled in West Fricsland, but made few converts, and in the beginning of the eighteenth century the sect became extinct. A few of tliem came to the United States and settled on the Hudson, biit gained no permanence as a soot. Consult their history, in Dutch, by von Berkum (2 vols., Sneck, 1851)! LA BAKCA, la bur'ki. A town in the State of ,)ali>cii, .Mexico, situated east of Lake Chapala, and 00 miles southeast of Guadalajara, on the railroad between that city and Mexico (Map: Mexico. H 7). It was founded in l.)2!l by Xiu'io de Guznu'in, and its streets were the scene of two battles in the Mexican War of Indeiwndence. Population, over 10.000. IiABA'RIA. A Brazilian name for the powcilul rattlesnake elsewhere described as 'bu-li iiKi^tcr' (ri.v.). LABARRAQUE'S (la^ara'kaz') SOLTJ- TION, or ^ioLLTiox of Ciii.ori.xated Soda. A disinfecting and bleaching soluliun. obtained by mixing 150 parts of sodium carbonate (in solu- tion) with 7.'> parts of chlorinated lime (in solu- tion), making up with water to 1000 parts, and separating the precipitated mass. The liquid thus obtained has a pale greenish color, a faint odor of chlorine, and a disagreeable alkaline taste. Its specific gravity is 1.0.52. Its value as a dis- infectant and as a bleaching ag«-nt is due to the chlorine which it contains, and it is used as a gargle for sore throat, as a dressing for wounds, and in diluted form as a nose-douche. It is also administered internally in small quantities in cases of zymotic diseases. I/A BARRE. lA bar'. Axtoixe .Io.sEPn Le- FfevRE i>E (c. 1020-88). A French naval officer and colonial (iovernor of Canada. He was ap- pointed Governor of Guiana in 100.3. and in 1007 recaptured Cayenne from the Dutch and de- feated the English in the Antilles. In 1082 he succeeded Frontrnac as Governor of Canada, in ■which capacity he was conspicuous chiefly for cupidity and incompetence. He organized an expedition against the Seneca Indians in 1684, and proceeded, after much unnecessary delay, as far as La Famine, at the mouth of the Salmon River, in the present State of Xew York. Here, and at Fort Frontenac. across the lake, many of his soldiers were incapacitated for further serv- ice by malarial attacks, and. unable to proceed further. La Barre held a conference with a delegation of Iroquois on September 4. and agreed to a treaty of peace unsatisfactory to Louis XIV. Late in the bame year, accordingly, he was recalled to Franco. La Barre was a steadfast opponent of La Salle (q.v.). Consult Parkraan, Iroiilcnac and New France Under J.ouis XIV. (Boston, 1877) and La 6'<i/(e and thu Discovery of the Great West (Boston, 1809). LABARRE, Loiis (181092). A Belgian publici-t and journalist, born at Dinant. His real name was Labar. He was a schoolmaster there until the Kevolution of 1830, when he came to the front as a liiidical Republicau. contributing to the C'oioricr Udge, the liombe, the Charirari ■ Beige, and the Paris y'ational. In 1830 his Sa- tires et elegies appeared. As editor of the Brussels a(ion (1848), he had Mazzini. Kossuth. Hugo, Louis Blanc. Charras, Raspail, and others for con- tributors, and lie him.self was imprisoned thirteen months for liis defense of Orsini. He wrote strongly against Napoleon III. in such works as yaimUrm III. ct la Bclgiquc (1800), and was the author of a comedy. La bourse dcs amis (1802). a five-act drama, Montigny a la eour d'Kspagne (1804), an appreciatively critical biography of his friend the painter Wiertz (1800). and collections of verses. LAB'ARTJM (possibly from Cantabrian lau- biirii. having four members, or Basque labarva, standard ). The famous standard of the Roman Emperor Constantine, designed to commemorale the miraculous vision of the cross in the sky, which is said to have appeared to him on his way to attack Maxentius, and to have been the moving cause of his conversion to Christianity. .A.S Eusebius descrilies it {Vita Constmitini, i. 31), it was a long spear, overlaid with gold, forming the figure of a cross by means of a transverse bar at the top, from whfrli hung a square purple banner, embroidered with gold and precious stones. At its summit was a gold wreath, inclosing the monogram of Christ formed of the first two letters of his name. X and P, intersecting each other. It was thus merely a modification of the usual legionary standard, the monogiam merely taking the place of the em- blem of the legion, such as a hand or an animal. This standard became the general one of the Roman army under Constantine and his suc- cessors. Its key-note, the sacreit monogram, was also plac-ed on" the soldiers' shields, and came into general use for a short time as a symbol of Christianity on tombs and works of art. LABAT, lan)a'. Jeax Baptiste (1003-1738). A French missionary, born in Paris. He became a Dominican in 108.5: Avas professor at Xancy in 1087: and in 1093 was sent to the Antilles. He spent two years at Martinique and returned thither after "a stay in Guadeloupe, where he did much for the industrial development of the country. He was frequently used ns diplomatic agent bv the Governors of the Antilles: explored tlie archipelago, anil in 1703 founded the city of Basse-Terre in (iuadelouije. The 'White Father.' with a comnany of six-ty negroes, did marvels in the defense of' the island against the English. War and fever had so cut dowTi the missionary force that in 1705 Lahat returned to Europe, where his superiors detained him at Rome. Civi- tavecchia, and Paris until his death. Hi^s yo«- reaii rnynge nur tics dr I'Ameriqup (1722) is considered the most original of his works of travel, and it is largely a compilation. LABAUD, Mi'hf/. Vxn. (18.38—). A German jurist, born in Breslau, and educated at Heidel-