Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/642

* KOLTSOFF. 582 KONGSBERG. Consult the Fortnightly Review (September 15, l.S(i(i) and Wcstmiiislcr Reciew (July, 1880). Excellent Ceniian translations of most of his poems (Fiedler's) appeared in 1885 (Universal- bibliotluh, No. 1971), and Michelson's com- ment at Saint Petersburg in 1891. KOLTZOFF - MASSALSKY, -ma-siil'ski, rRixc'Es.s. Sie Doha u'Istkia. KOL'USHAN. See Tlinkit. KOLYMA, ko-le'ma. A river of Eastern Si- beria, rising in the Stanovoi Mountains in the Territory of Yakutsk (.Map: Asia, P 2). It Hows in a northeastern direction and falls by tlireo arms into the Arctic Ocean, about 1000 miles west of Bering Strait. Its total length is 1230 )niles, navigable for over 700. It is ice-free from the end of ]Iay to the middle of September. KOM, kdm. A town of Persia. See Kum. KOMAROFF, ko'ma-rof, Aleksandek Visa- Rioxovrrcii (1832 — ). A Russian general. He was educated at the Saint Petersburg Military Academy, served as ensign in a regiment of chas- seurs in the Hungarian campaign (1849), and went to the Caucasus (185G) as etat-major of the Imperial Guard. Three years afterwards he was made Governor of the Province of Derbent, then of Southern Daghestan. and at the close of the RussoTurkish War he was intrusted with the duty of restoring order in the districts of Kars and Batum, ceded by the Turks (1878). From 1882 to 1890 he was in command of the troops engaged east of the Caspian Sea and in Central Asia. He subjugated the wild tribes of those districts, occupied the Zultlkar Pass leading to Herat, and attacked the Afghans on the Kushk (ilarch, 1885). The Russian advance led to concessions by the British Government with re- spect to the boundary between Turkestan and Afghanistan. As (Jovernor of the Transcaspian Territory, KomarolT interested himself in the con- fctruetion of the Samarkand Railway. KOMEN'SKY. An educational reformer. See CoiiExns. KOMORKT, kr/mr,rn (Hung. KOMAROM, ko'mti roni) . An ancient royal free town and for- tress of Hungary, ca]iital of the county of Ko- morn, situated on a small island at the cnn- fluence of the Waag with the Danube, 85 miles southeast of Vienna (Map: Hungary, F 3). It is an irregularly biiilt lown, with a number of interesting ehurchcs, pitblic buildings, and .a considerable trade in grain, wine, wood, and fish. The fortress lies about a mile from the town. The fortifications were originally con- structed luidcr King .Matthias Oorvinus in the fif- teentli century, and were considerably extended during the nineteenth century. In the Hungarian Revolution it was brilliantly defended by Klapka against the Austrians. and held out long after the surrender of the Hungarian army at Vilagos. Finally, on Se])lember 27. 1849. Klapka capitu- lated, and on October 4th the fortress was handed over to the Austrians. Population, in 1890, 10,- 433: in 1900, 20.204, mostly Catholic Magyars. KOMPERT, k('im'pert. Lkopolo (1822-80). An Austrian novelist, born at MiinchengrUtz, Bo- hemia, of .Jewish parentage. He studied at the universities of Prasrue and Vienna, was in the meanwhile tutor in the family of Count AndrSssy at Pressburg. and, drifting into Journalistic work during the revolutionary movement of 1848, became editor of the Ocsterreichisclier Lloyd. In 1852 he accepted a ])osition as tutor in Pesth, but fiom 1857 on devoted himself exclusively to lit- erary work, making his homo in Vienna. His tales, which are limited to the life of the Jews in their seclusion, are characterized by a jjoetic atmos])liere and subtle delineation of character, some of them ranking among the most original creations of modern German fiction. They are embodied in the collections (Icucliicliten uus dcm Uhctlo (1848, 3d ed. 1880), liijhmischc Judcn (1851), Am I'flug (1855), }'cue (leschiclitcn aus dcm Ghetto (1860), (leschiclitcn eincr (Jassc (1805), and Verstrcute Gcichichtcii (1880), be- sides which he WTote the novels Zwischcii Ruincn (1875) and Frun::i und Ileini (1880). A new edition of his collected works, (lesammelte Schrif- ten, was publislud at Leipzig in 1887. KONDRATOWICZ, k('jn'drii-tO'vits, LuDWiK Wladv.slaw (1823-02). A Polish poet and prose w'riter, who wrote under the nom-de-plume Syro- komla. He was born in Lithuania, and began his litcrarj' work by metrical translations of the Polish-Latin poets of the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries. His first original volume of verse, Jiaimrdayes (1853), was characterized by easy, flowing rhythms, quiet humor, sincerity, and patriotism, but no great depth of thought or feeling. Marrjicr (1855) is considered liis best poem, and Kaxpar Karlinslci his best play. He published also, Urodzony Jan Debordr/ (1854), Zyon Acerna I IS5G), Janlco Cmentarnih (1850), Xoclcr/ hetinanski (1857), and Dzieje litcnilury 10 I'olKce (3 vols., 1875). KONG. An important city in the French colon}' of Ivory Coast, Africa, capital of the dis- trict of the same name, in latitude 8° 53' X. and longitude 3° .30' W, (Map: Africa, D 4). H has a large trade in cloth, gold, slaves, etc. Its jiopulation is estim.ated at 15,000, chiefiy Mohammedans, It was first visited by Binger, a French captain, in 1888. KONGO, kon'go. A Bantu people of Congo- land, Angola, West .frica, whose territory extends from the Lower Congo southward to about the parallel of Ambriz and from the coast inland to the Kwango River. Collectively they are known as the Ba Fiot or 15a Kongo, and consist of nine tribes of varying degrees of culture, from the savage Mushi Kongo to the semi-civilized Eshi Kongo. These tril.es descend from the dominant race of the ancient Kongo kingdom, and have ))re- served their historic traditions and customs, thus developing a nationality. Their language is the !Mishi-Kongo, a Bantu idiom, which was reduced to writing by the Portuguese missionaries early in the seventeenth century. This language is still used over a A-ast extent of country comprised in the former Kongo emiiire. The decline of (he Kongo empire brgan with the incursions of the Yacca hordes. Toward the close of the eighteenth century, after the expulsion of the Jesuit mis- sionaries, the empire fell to pieces and is now a Portuguese dependency, KONGSBERG, kongsliar-y', A town in Nor- ■way, situated on the Laagon, 52 miles southwest of Christiania (Map: Norway, 7), The town was founded in 1024 by Christian IV., owing to the discover}' of a silver-mine. The mine is owned and operated by the State, which also has a mint and a manufactory of arms and powder at Kongsberg. There are a high school, a school