Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/640

* KOLETTIS. 580 KOLLOCK. 1S43 after the Revolution of Septembex, and iiiaile head of the Ministry in 1844. KOLGUYEV, U61-gon'yev, or KALGTJYEV. A Ilussian island in the Arctic Ocean, situated be- tween latitudes 08^ 4' and OOo 30' X.. and lon<,'i- tudes 4So 4' and 4!)o 38' K.. 75 miles northeast of the Kanin Peninsula (Map: Russia, G 1). Area, 1350 suare miles. The surface is mostly level, and a larfje part is occupied by frozen tundras. The vegetation is extremely meagre and the cli- mate very severe. Wild fowl abound, and the streams and lakes are rich in fish. The island forms a part of the (iovernnicnt of Arclianircl, and is uninhabited. Only in the summer is the island visited by hunters. The coast regions are in some ])laces covci-ed with layers of guano. KOLHAPTJR, kr.'l-i-p<)r)r', or KOLAPUR. A native State, feudatory to Bombay, India. Area, 2855 square miles. Populatiun. in 1801, 930,000; in 1901, 910,200, composed of Malirattas and Ramusis. The surface is of a rugged char- acter, the State being traversed by a section of the Western Ghats. It is watered by the Kistna and other streams, and has a very productive soil. C'ereaLs, cotton, sugar-cane, tobacco, and vege- tables are cultivated, and there arc some manufac- fures of cotton and woolen cloth, hardware, and pottery. I'he rulers are lineal descendants of fsivaji, the founder of the Jlahratta Empire. Capital, Kolhapur. KOLHAPUR, or KOLAPUR. The capital of the native Slate of the same name, ISombay, India, the terminus of a branch railway from !Meeruj, 130 miles south of Poona (Map: India, B 5). The town is picturesquely situated on the Panchganga River, since 1878 spanned here by a five-arched bridge. Its modern buildings include the Rajah's new palace, the town hall in the pub- lic gardens, treasury. Government olfices, the British agent's residence, a fine edifice, a music gallery at the entrance of the palace S(]uare, high school, and the Albert Edward Hospital. Its ancient structures, some dating from the third century B.C., comprise palaces, temples, shrines, tenotaphs, and rock-cut caves. It has an impor- tant general trade. Population, in 1891, 45,815; in 1901, 54.373. KOLIN, ku-len'. A tovni in the Crownland of Bohemia. Austria, situated on the Elbe, 40 miles by rail from Prague (Jlap: Austria, D 1). Its chief buildings are the fourteenth-century Church of Saint P.artholomcw with a fine Gothic choir, the old palace, and the town hall. It has also a classical g^'ninasium and a 'real' gymnasium, and a school for drawing. Sugar is the chief manufac- tured product of the town. Kolin is noted for the battle fought here on .Tune 18. 1757. lielween 54,000 Austrians under Daun and 31,000 Prus- sians under Frederick II., in which the former were victorious. As a result of the victory, the siege of Prague was rai.scd and Bohemia evac- uated bv the Prussians. Population, in 1890. 13,2G8: in 1900, 15,025. KOLLAR, k61'lar, Jan (1793-1852). A cele- brated Czech poet and scholar. lie was born in the County of Turocz. Hungary, studied at Press- I)urg and .Tena, and in 1819 became a preacher in an Evangelical church in Pesth. Sorrow at separation from a sweetheart of his student days ■was the immediate stimuhis of his first poetic production. Biisnr (Foenis. 1821), consisting of 76 sonnets. In 1824 the collection had become 150, published under the title Slavy Dcera (Oauylilcr of tSluvu), and the final edition (1851) contained (J45 sonnets, divided into five parts. This is a glorification of the Slavic race — liHiiva — between whom and his "Mina' his heart is divided. Though luicven in coin])osition, the work in many parts rises to heights of passionate enthusiasm. It was written in Czech with a con- siderable admixture of ^liildle Slovenian peculi- arities, which laid the foundations of the present Slovak literary language. His love for the Slavs imjiellcd him to devote himself to collecting folk- songs,^at first (1822 and 1827) in collaboration with Safarik (q.v.), and later (1834-35) alone. The results of his labors appeared under the title Popular Songs of the »S7oro/.-.s in Huiu/ary. After years of efforts, with the help of the Austrian Government. Kolhlr obtained for his native Slo- vaks from the Magvars the indcjicndence of their schools in 1820. and the Church in 1833. In 1837 he published his work On tlic Lilvrary liccipro- city Among Ihc ]'arioiis Faiiiilirn and Dialects of Ihe Slavs (2d ed. 1884), wherein he argued in favor of the Slavic unification which he had i)ro- clainied in his Daughter of Slava. After con- tinuous annoyances he removed from Pesth to Vienna. Here he was a confidential adviser of the Government, and the Slovaks of Hungary liailed him as their literars' spokesman. In 1S49 he was appointed professor of Slavic arclueology in the University of Vienna, which position he held imtil his death, A posthumous edition of his works appeared in Prague (4 vols., I8G2-04). It is incomplete, but it contains an autobiog- raphy dealing with the earlier part of his life. KOLLIKER, kt/ll-ker, Albert von (1817—). A German physiologist, born in Zurich. He studied at the universities of Zurich. Bonn, and Berlin, became professor of physiologv' and com- parative anatoniv at Zurich in 1845, and in 1847 was a])])ointed to a similar chair at Wiirzburg. Kiilliker became distinguished principally by his labors in the dcpiirtment of microscopic anatomy, and on the development of the embryo. Among his jirincipal works are: Mikroskopische Anatomic (1850-54); a flandbuch drr Gcirebelehrn des Mcnschcn (1852; Gth ed. 1889-96), which has been translated for the Sydeidiam Society by Bush and Huxley, under the title of .4 Manual of Human Ilistologg (2 vols.. 1853-54) ; Die Sipho- nophoren odcr Sclncimnipnli/pcn von ^fessina (1853); and Enticieklung/sficsrhirhte des Men- schen (1801). He was appointed one of the edi- tors of the Zcilschrift fiir u-issenschafllirhc Zoologie. the most important scientific natural- history journal of (Jermany. KOLTJOCK, Mary (1832—). An American painter. She was born at Xorfolk, Va., August 20, 1832. She studied at the Pennsylvania Academy, at the National Academy in New York, and in Paris, at the Julian Sclimd, and then returned to America to establish herself in New York City. In 1877 she was elected instructor in painting of the Ladies' Art Association. She has since resided in New York. Her most impor- tant works include: "Midsummer in the Moun- tains." exhibited at the Centennial Exhibition of Philadelphia in 1876; "On the Road to :Iount Marev" (1877); an "Evening Walk" (1878) ; a "Gleam of Sunshine" (1882) ; the "Old Fiddler" (1883): "Under the Beeches" (1885): "Early Morning in (he Mountains" (1887); "Old Bre- ton Woman Spinning" (1890). Among her later