Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/637

* KOHLER. 577 KOKOMO. 88 ), containing the inscriptions from the Archon Euclides to Augustus. KOHLMANN, kr.l'man, AnthOiXY (1771- IhjS;. A Genuan Jesuit priest, born in Kaisers- berg, Alsace, and educated at Kolmar and Frei- burg. He won the title "Martyr of Charity' through attendance upon plague-stricken citizens of Hagenbrunn. Austria. In 180U he went to the United States; two years afterwards he settled in Xew York, where he established a school for boys and an L'rsuline school for girls. It was his re- fusal to disclose the secrets of the confessional in Xew York law courts that caused the exemption of priests from that particular form of evidence to become a State hiw. and he was instrumental in the building of the ilulberry Street Roman Catholic Cathedral (1815). In 1817 he became superior of the Order of Jesus in the United States, but resigned the position in 1821, and from that time until 1824 had charge of the seminary in W'asliington. The result of his controversy with .Jared Sparks was pub- lished in Uiiitarianism PhilusophicaUji and Theolodicalh/ Examined (2 vols., 1821). He had previously issued .1 True Exposition of the Uoctiine of the Catholic Church Touching the Hacramcnt of Penance (181."!) ; Centurial Jubilee to he Celebrated by All the Reformed Churches Throuijhout the United States (1817) ; and The Blessed Reformation : Martin Luther Portrayed by Uim»elf (1818). Father Kohlmann was pro- fessor of theology in the college at Rome ( 1824- 20). KOHL-RABI, kol'rii'be, or, more properly, KoHL-RL'UE (Ger., kale-turnip). A cultivated variety of Brassica oleracea distinguished b}- the globular swelling of the stem just above the ground, to the size of a man's fist or larger, leaf- stalks spring from the swollen part, and add to the peculiarity of its appearance. The part used is the swollen stem and its uses are similar to those of the turni]). In quality it more nearly resembles the .Swedisli than the common tirnip. It is cultivated like cabbage, and in Europe is grown to a considerable e.xlent, but in America it has not become widely popular. Fortillustra- tion, see Plate of Cabbage, KOHLRATJSCH, kr.l'roush, Feiedrich (1840 — ). A (JcniKiii ]iliysicist. Iiorn at Rinteln, the son of Kudolf Hermann Arndt Kohlrausch. His education was obtained at Erlangen and Gi'iltin- gen. In ISUti lie became ])rofessor at (iiittingen, and subsequently was appointed to chairs at Zu- rieh(1870), Darmstadt (1871 ) . Wiirzbuvgf 187.5 » . and Strassburg( 1888 ) . In 18!t.> he was apiiointed president of the Imperial Pliy-^ico-Technieal Insti- tute (Reichsanstalt) at Charlottenhurg. near l?er- lin, and under hi- direction the worli of this bu- reau has lieen widely extended and developed. Professor Kolilrauscli has a brilliant record as an experimental physicist and has devised new apparatus and methods for measurements. His researches have embraced all departments, but those dealing with electricity and magnetism are of special importance. He has investigated most thoroughly the subject of electrolysis and has brought out new methods for the absolute meas- urement of resistance. The elasticity of solids and various problems in light have also been in- vestigated by him, and he is the author of f.eit- faden der praktischcn Physik. which, jniblished in 1872, has been issued in many editions and trans- lated into English, being considered the standard work on pliysical laboratory methods and meas- urements. A ninth edition, enlarged and revised, was published in I'JOl with the title of Lehrbuck der praktischen Physilc. A more elementary work based on the above, Kleiner Leitfaden der prak- tischen Physik, has also apjieared. Professor' Kohlrausch is besides the author of Veber den absoluten Leitungsic-iderstand des Quecksilbers (1888), and of many papers contributed to the Annnlrn d^r Physik und Chemie, and other scien- tific journal-. KOHLRAUSCH, Heixbich Fbiedrich Theo- DOB (1780-1SG7). A Ciernian historian and educator, born at Landolfshausen. He stud- ied at Gottingen, and afterwards at Berlin, Kiel, and Heidelberg, After teaching at Diisseldorf and at Jliinster, he vas made general inspector of education of the Kingdom of Hanover. His most ini]X)rtant work is Deutsche (leschichte fiir Hchulcn (16th ed. by Kentzlcr, 1875). Mention should also be made of the following: Kurze Darstellunfi der deutschen Gescliichte (15th ed. 1894) ; Chronologisclier Abriss der Weltge- schichte (loth ed. 1861): and Die Gescliichte und Lehre der Heiligen iichrift (1811). KOHLRAUSCH, Rudolf Hebmaxx Abxdt (1801)-5S). A Geinian physicist, liorn in Giittin- gen. He spent the greater part of his life as a teacher of science, and as an experimentalist. He was professor of physics at JIarliurg and Erlan- gen, and was associated with Willielm Weber (q.v. ) in making the first measurements of the electric current using absolute units. These ex- periments formed the foundation of the modern aljsolute system. KOHN," kon. Salomon (1825-1904). An Aus- trian novelist, born in Prague, the son of a .Jewish mcrcliant, whose partner in business he became, after having devoted himself to math- ematical studies at the university. His novel dahricl first appeared anonymously in 1852, be- came widely known through various translations — in Germany, curiously enough, first in its English version — and was not reissued under its author's name until 1875 (3d ed. 1897). His other novels and tales, mostly descriptive of .Jewish life, include: Der Retler, Bilder aus dem Prayer (Jhctto: Ein Spiegel der Gegentcart (1875): Die silberne Uochzeit (1882); A'eue ahettohilder (2d ed. 1886) : Der Lcbensrctter und andcrc Erziihlungen (1893): Fiirstengunst ( 1894) : Ein deutscher Handelshcrr (1896) ; Ju- dith Lohrach (1897) ; and others. KOIL, kn-el'. The native name for Aligarh ( q.v. I. a city of India. KOKLASS, ko'klas. An Indian pheasant. See PlCKAS. KO'KOMO. A city and the county-seat of Howard County. Tnd., 54 miles north of Indian- apolis: on the Wildcat River, and on the Pitts- burg, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis, the Toledo, Saint Louis and Kansas City, and the Lake Erie and Western railroads (Map: Indiana, C 2), It is primarily a commercial an<l manu- facturing city, the leading manufactures being phite and opalescent glass, lumber products, rub- ber goods, automobiles, wood-])ulp ami paper, bits, wire nails, rods, stoves and ranges, electrical goods, etc. The surrounding region has agricul- tural and lumbering interests. .Adjoining the city on the south is a beautiful park on which