Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/629

* KNOXVILLE. 569 KOBBE. became organized as a towj) in 1704. It was the capital of the "Territory South of the Ohio' from 17!l:i to 17!)U, and of the State from 1700 to 1811. During the Civil War it was held by the Con- federates until August, 1803, when General Burn- side took i)ossession. From Novenil)cr lOtli to Noveml)er '.'Mh a Confederate force besieged it unsuccessfully, and on the 20th made a desperate assault on Fort Saunders, in which they lost about 0011 killed and V(juii(lcd and ;i(IO pristmers. Knoxville was chartered as a city in H, and was enlarged in 1888 and 1889 by the addition of West and North Knoxville. Consult Powell, Hintoric Towtis of Ihe Houthcvn Slairs (New York, 1900). KNUDSEN, knood'.sen, Knld (1812-95). A iirwcj;iaii iiliilologist. He is be.st known as the leader in the so-called Danish-Xorwegian lan- guage movement, as opjiosed to the Norse move- ment headed by Ivar Aasen (q.v.). His aim was to give a UKjre Norwegian coloring to the literary language of Norway by adapting the orthography and syntax to Norwegian usage, and by substitut- ing wherever it "as possible Norwegian words for foreign derivatives. The most comprehensive treatment of the subject maj- be found in his UiiomJc og nursk. cller Fremmedonls avlosniny (1879-81). While Knudsen was extreme in his views and frequently erred through a lack of thorough philological training, he exercised a de- cisive inlluencc upon his contcm|)oraries, espe- cially BjiJrnstjerne l.iJinisoii, .•iiid the present form of Norwegian- Danish is largely the result of his agitation. He died March 4, 189.5. KNURR (nur) AND SPELL {k-nur, nnr, ODutch kiiorre, Dutch kiior, MHC. knorre, Ger. h'norreii. knob, and sjk II. from Dutch .s/hV, spin- dle). A game which originated nn the moors of Yorkshire, in England, but has since spread throughout the north of England and many new localities. It is practically a development of the familiar trap. bat. and ball, and is played with a pomnad or club, and a knurr or ball, which is me- chanically released from the spell or trap by a spring, somewhat after the manner of the shoot- er's clay pigeon. Each player plays his own game, without interference, and any number can enter .a eom])etition. The knurr is a boxwood or porce lain ball, one and one-lialf inches in diameter. It is placed on the spell or trap by the player, who, by means of a thumb-screw, adjusts the spring of the tra]) according to the velocity he wants the ball released at. He then releases it and hits the ball on the rise with his pommel, a stick gir stout cane varying from four to five feet in length. It has a flat, hardwood, oblong-square end. The up])er end of the pommel, which the player grasps with both hands, is bound with waxed thread, like the handle of a cricket-bat, and the l)low is made l)y striking the ball with all possible foi'ce. A siccessful hit will drive the ball about 200 yards; and the longest hit, or series of hits, wins. On a large moor, and where the gauH> is general, the ground is marked out with wooden pins driven in every 20 yards. In matches each player takes his own knurrs and ponunels and has five rises of the hall to a game. The 'stroke' is made by a full 'swing" round the head, not unlike the 'drive' at golf. XNUT. knnnt. or CNUT. A king of England, Denmark, and Norway. See C.xi"TE. KNTJTSFORD, nuts'f6rd, Henry Thurstan lli,L..M), Baron (1S2.5— ). An English states- man. He was born in London, was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. He served as legal adviser to the Colonial Office (1807), and as assistant under-.secretary from 1870 till 1874, when he was elected to Parlia- ment. He served also as financial secretary to the Treasury (188.5) : vice-j)resident of the (Coun- cil on Education (1885 and 1880-87) ; and Secre- tary of State for the Colonies ( 1887-92). He was raised to the peerage in 1888. His publications include Notes on Common-Law Procedure Acts (1S52-.54). KNYPHAUSEN, knip'hou-zrn, Wilhelm, Baron vun (1710-1800). A German soldier, born at Lutzelburg. He was educated at Berlin, en- tered the Prussian military service, and dis- tinguished himself under Frederick the Great. By successive promotions he attained the rank of lieutenant-general in 1775. In 1770 he came to America in command of the Second Division of Hessian troops, reaching New York on October ISth. A few davs later he took part in the battle of White Plains. He showed great bravery in the capture of Fort Washington, which was renamed in his honor. He was in the battles of Brandy- wine, Germantown, and llonmouth, being in conunand of all the Hessian troops after the re- call of General von Heister. During the absence of Sir Henry Clinton ( 1779-80) he was in com- numd of the city of New York, and during this time made a raid into New .Jersey and plundered llackensack. Later he was in the expedition which burned Springfield, N. ■!. He was an able soldier, and after his return to Germany he was made Military Governor of Cassel. KOALA, ko-a'la (Australian name), or Na- tive Bear. An Australian marsupial ( I'hasco>- arctos cinereus). now regarded as the type of the family Phascolarctid.T. nearly resembling the phalangers in dentition, but having the molar tectii much larger. The toes of the fore feet are in two opposable groups of two and three, a char- acter not found in any other quadruped, but well adapted to giasping the branches of trees, on which the koala often hangs with its back under- most like the sloth, which it also resembles in it-s letharg}'. There is scarce- ly any rudiment of a tail. The general form is not unlike that of a young bear. (Compare Wombat.) but one cub at a time, which she carries on her back for a long time after it is capable of leaving her pouch. The koala is rather more than two feet long, and the body is stout and clumsy. The covering is a very dense coat of short gray wool. The animal has no means of defense, and is killed with <lubs by the natives of .ustralia. where it is found. It is nocturnal in its habits, and feeds exclusively on eucalyptus leaves. See Colored Plate of Mar.supiai.s, and Plate of PiiALAxnERS. KOB. An antelope of the genus Cobus. See Waterbick. KOBBE, kob'bA. Gr.'ST.w (1,857—). An American music critic and author, born in New York. W hen ten years old he was sent to Wies- TEETH or KOALA. The female has