Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/605

* KNIGHT. 549 KNIGHTS OF LABOE. Parliament, but though serving from 1780 to 180U, he was more spectator than actual partici- pator in the debates, from 1814 he was a trustee of the British Museum, and at his death left this institution his magnificent collection of ancient bronzes and (Jreek coins, valued at £50,000. In addition to this bequest the results of Mr. Knight's extensive travels and researches ap- peared in numerous publications, including his Accouiil of Ihr Ifciiujiiis of the Wurxliiii of I'riapiis Loteli/ Existing at Iscrnia in the King- dom of Naples (1780). His Analytical Essay on the (Ireck Alphahet (1791) created a sensation, because in it Knight was the first to i[uestion the authenticity of certain Greek inscriptions which Fourmont had pretended to have found in La- coiiia. and which such eminent Scholars as W'incUclmann and Heyne had accepted as genu- ine. While his best work is that on the Prin- ciples of Taste (1805), he expended much careful study on an edition of Homer (1816). KNIGHT, Sarah Kemble (1666-1727). A preacher and traveler, born in Boston, the daughter of Thomas Kemble. a merchant. Hav- ing been left a widow, she opened in middle life a school which gained some reputation in Boston, and included among its pupils Benjamin Frank- lin. Before opening this school, Madame Knight, as she was generally called, took a journey in 1704 on horseback from Boston to New York — for those days an unparalleled feat for a woman. 8he recounted her experiences in the 'journals' which have made her known to students of colonial literature and history. The discomforts of primi- tive traveling are described with much sprightli- ness, and not a little liumor. The writer's per- sonality emerges also as that of a modern .merican woman in embiyo. Little is known of her later life. She seems to have removed to Nor- walk. Conn., and there to have got into troul)le for spiling liquors to the Indians — an offense vhich she herself charged to her maid. Her diary, which is not bulky, was first edited in 182.!) by Theodore Dwight. Forty years later it was reprinted with additional biographical infor- mation, and there is a recent edition, published by the Free Academy of Norwich. Conn. Con- sult Tvler. Uistorti of Americayi Literature, vol. ii. (Now York, 1897-99). KNIGHT, Thomas Andrew (I758-18."58) . An English horticulturist, born near Ludlow. Hert- fordshire. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and subsequently devoted himself to re- searches in vegetable and animal physiologv-. In 1795 he pulilished his views on the inheritance of diseases among fruit-trees, which attracted mu'li attention. In addition to many papers, he ])iiblished a Treatise on the Culture of the Apple auH I'ear, and on the Manufacture of Cider and Ferry (1797). a work which passed through sev- eral editions. Many of his papers, with a bio- graphical memoir, were published posthumously under the editorship of lieutham and Lindley. as ,4 Selection from the Phi/sioloyical and norticul- lural Papers Puhlished in the Transactions of the [oiial and Horticultural Societies ^I/ the Late Thomas Andrew Knight (1841). KNIGHT, William Anoi's (IS.'IO— ). A Briti-sh writer. He was born at Modrington, Scot- land, ami was ediicated at the Thiiversity of Kdin- burgh. In 1876 he became professor of moral philosophy in (he University of .Saint Andrews; and at various times he has Iwen examiner to the University of London, to the Victoria Uni- ersity, and to the British Civil Service Com- mission, and to the University of New Zealand, In the field of philosophy his publications include his collection of Philosophical Classics for Eng- lish Headers (15 vols., 1880-90), for which he wrote: Hume (1886) ; Essays in Philosophy, Old and ew (1890) ; The Philosophy of the IScauti- ful (2 vol-s., 1891-93); The Christian Ethic (1894); and Aspects of Theism (1894). He is probably best known, however, for his works on 'ordsworth. Besides his edition of Words- u-orth's Works and Life (1881-89), and The Transactions of the Wordsuorth Society (1880- 86), mention should be made of his Seleitiona from Wordsworth (1889); Wordsworthiana (1889); Through the Wordsworth Country (1892); Wordsworth's Prose (1893); The Eng- lish Lake District, as Interpreted in the Poems of Wfjrdsworth ( 1878-91) ; and The Works of William Wordsuorth and Dorothy Words- worth (12 vols., 1896-97). Finally (1898), as a further monument of his admiration for Words- worth, he presented to the trustees of Dove Cot- tage, Grasraere, the poet's former home, all the editions of Wordsworth's poems which he pos- sessed, as well as many relics, including manu- scripts of the poet. Among his most recent works are: Dove Cottage from ISOO to 1!H)0 (1900); Lord Mmiboddo and Some of His Contem- poraries (1900) ; Inter Amicos (1901) ; and Pro Patria et h'egina (1901). KNIGHTHOOD. See Knight. KNIGHT OF LA MANCHA. Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes's novel of that name. KNIGHTS, The (Lat. Equites. Gk. 'Iirircis, Hippeis). A comedy of Aristophanes, produced in B,t'. 424. It was the first play brought out by Aristophanes in his own name, and received the first prize. It is a direct attack on the dema- gogue Cleon, who is represented with Nicias and Demosthenes among the slaves of the Athenian Demos. He has gained complete power over the easily led old man. and is finally displaced by Agoracritus. assisted by the Chorus of Knights. KNIGHTS EBRANT. Wandering knights, who. after the definite object offered by the Cru- sades had been removed, traveled through France and Spain in search of adventure, and by their acts contributed to the downfall of knighthood. KNIGHT SERVICE. See Feudalism; Teni RE; Kniciit. KNIGHTS OF LABOR, A national labor orijani/.ation in the United States formed in December, 1869, by leader^ of a dissolved local union of garment-cutters in Philadelphia. Until 1882 the name and purpose of the or(ler was kept secret, its only official representation being a line of five stars. This secrecy was instituted on the ground of the dislike of employers to organized labor, and on the alleged gi-ound that open associations of working men had hitherto proved failures. Admittance to the order was granted to all persons over sixteen, except liquor- dealers, gamblers, bankers, and lawyers. The government of the Knights of Labor is vested in local assemblies, district assemblies, national trade assemblies, and State assemblies. The ad- ministrative power is given to a general master workman, a general worthv foreman, a general