Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/597

* KLIPSPRINGER. 541 KLOSS. derness of their Ilesh has led to their disapi«ar- ance from most of Cape Colony. This antelope is known in Swaziland as "iUoka,' and elsewhere by various tribal names. See Plate of Gazelles. KLOBEN, kle'dcn, Karl Frieobich von ( 178(i-18.j0) . A German educator, liistorian. and geographer. He was born at Berlin and got his edueation with dilliculty while he was working with a goldsmith, learning engraving and giving lessons. In 1817 he was made director of the normal school at Potsdam, and seven years afterwards of a commercial school in Herlin. His most important work was geograpliical ; be- sides his maps of Euroi)e, mention should be made of Grv.ndli^ricn zu einer naumi Theoric der Erdyestultuno (1824) and Landcskunde von FaUistina (1816). His historical works include: Veher die Entstehiing,das Alter and die friiheste Oeschichte der SUidte lierlin und Kolln (18.30) ; Lebens- und Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich WilheliDK III. i 1840) ; and Die Quitzous und ihrc Zeit (3d ed. 1889). Consult his Jugeiiderin- tierungen Karl Friedrichs von Kloden (I^ipzig, 1874). KLON'DIKE. A region in the Canadian Ter- ritory of Yukon, comprising an area about equal to that of Rhode Island, and lying chietly to the east of tlic Yukon River, where it receives the Klondike Creek, near the middle of the Alaskan boundary line (Map: Northwest Territory, B 2). It was in this district, on Bonanza Creek, a tributary of the Klondike, that a prospecting miner, (J. W. Cormack, discovered indications of rich gold deposits, August 16, 1890. The following year saw an almost unprecedented rush of gold-miners from Europe and America, and the Klondike was converted from a baiicn waste to a populous and lively mining district, in the midst of which the city of Dawson (q.v.) sprang up. The region will depend for its future pros- perity entirely on the continuance of its mineral resources, having no agricultural value. The climate is exceedingly severe — very hot and hu- mid in the short summer, and extremely cold during the long winter. Facilities for communi- eaticm with the coast were at first very poor, but in 1898-99 a railroad line was projected from Skagvay to White Horse Rapids on the head- waters of the Yukon, and is now in operation. Sec Alaska : Y'ikon Gold-Field.s. KLONOWICZ, klo-no'vich, Sebastian (1545- 1602). A Polish satirist, also called by the Latin name Acernus. He was born at Siilmierzyce, and studied at the University of Cracow. He lived at I.ublin, where he was an official in the Jewish community. His wife was a drunken wanton, who hroiighl his fortunes so low that he was forced to live his last years On the charity of the Jesuits, whom lie had previously bitterly assailed. He wrote in I,:tin the attacks on the .Tcsnits already alluded to. a poem called Victnrin Ororum, and the famous Hoxnlania, a satire on Russia, which might be ranked as a great national poem were it in the vernacular. His Latin poems were filled with Latinized Polish words, and on the other hand his Polish poems are often made unintelligible by the use of Latinisms and Hel- lenisms literally translated. The Polish poems include IVorc/,- Judas::(hr. in which he portrays the "cnality and avarice of the time; and /'/is. a sketch of a fortnight's travel, with mythology' and digressions rivaling Ausonius. Consult -Mierzynski, De Vita, Morihus, Scriptisque, La- linis .S. F. Accrni (Berlin, 1857). KLOPP, klr>|), Onno (1822-190:5). A German liistorian, born in Leer, Kast Friesland. He studied at Bonn, Berlin, and (Jiittingen (1841-4.5), taught in the Osnabriick (iyninasium (184.5-58), and became the contidential friend of King George V. of Hanover, whose exile in 186C he shared. His dislike of the Prussians was intensified after he turned Roman Catholic (1873), and the C'atholic spirit pervades his (Svxrhiihte Osstfriexlund.s (1854-58) ; lioniy Friedrich II. von /'rcK.s'.w'M und die dcuLsclie Salioit ( 1800, 2d ed. 1807) ; Der Kiinig Friedrich II. von I'reunnen und seine I'olitik. and Tilly ini Dreinsigjiihrigen Krieye (1801) ; Der Fall de-t Hdu.u-s Htuart (14" vols., 1875-83); Das Jahr Jdti.i (1882); Kiinig (leorg V. (1878) ; and Der Drei.^siyjiihriye Krieg lji.l zum Torte ilnslnv .Uiolfs. l(i.!.i (1891-96). Klopp also edited the correspondence of Emperor Leopold I. with Father Marco d"Aviaiio (1888). KLOPSTOCK, klop'stok, Friedrkii Gottlieb ( 1724-1 SO.j ) . A German poet of great fame in the latter half of the eighteenth century, now hardly read or readable. He «as born in Qued- linburg, July 2, 1724, and dicil in Hamburg, March 14, 1803. Educated at uc(llin!)iirg and the famous school at Schulpforta. Klopstock went in 1745 to .Jena to study theology, but left in 1740 for Leipzig, where he made the acquaintance of Gellcrt. Going then as private tutor to Lan- gensalza, in 1748 he publislicd the first three cantos of Der Mefisias, intended to be a Miltonie poem, and so won the attention of Bodmer. the rianslator of Milton, who invited him in 1750 to Zurich, whence he went in 1751 to (Copenhagen by invitation of the Danish King. There he com- pleted the Messia.t: but political changes brought lilm back to Germany in 1771. and he remained there, chieflv in Hamburg, till his death. Klop- stock wrote also pietistie odes, an artificial .rt of Poetry {Die (lelchrtenrepublilc. 1744) ; Bar- diete, antiquated in patriotism and obsolete in iiiytholog-, interspersed with unactable dramas of clumsy savagery (flermiinn.isrhldcht. 1769; llcnnonn und die Fiirxlen. 1784; and H< rm'anns Tod. 1787). all sentimental and overwrought. Though Klopstock's contributions to fJerman thought and poetry were small, his enrich- ment of the poetic vocabulary and his at- tention to prosody were of great service to the poet.s that immediately followed him. Klop- stock's Works were first collected in twelve vol- umes (Leipzig. 1798-1817). There is an Eng- lish translation of the Me.isias that does fair jus- tice to the nebulous earnestness of the original. Consult : .Muncker, Friedrich Gottlieb Klo/Ktork. Geschichte seines Lebens und seiner fiehriflen (2d ed.. Berlin, 1900) : Lyon, Ueber Klop.itocks VcHmltnis zu Goethe (Leipzig. 1S79) : and Lap- penberg. liriefe von und an Klopstock (Bruns- wick. 1807). KLOSS, kl6s, Georg BfRKUAnn Franz (1787- 1854). . German historian of Freemasonry. He was born in Frankfort, and studied and practiced medicine there. His works, which are funda- mental to the history of the Order, include: Bihli- nyrnphie drr Freimaurerei (1844) ; Freiniuurerei in ihrer unhren Bedeulung (2d ed.. 1855) ; Ge- srl iehte der Frcimnurerri in Fngland. Irland und Schottland (1848) ; and Geschichle der Freimau- rerei in Frankreich (1852-5.3).