Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/595

* KLEMM. 539 KLINDWORTH. KLEIIM, HEfSKicH (1819-8G). A German publisher, born at Zollnien, near Willsdrutf, Sax- ony, and a tailor by trade. He founded in 1849 with G. A. Miiller the EuroiMiische Mudenzeitung in Dresden, and in 1850 the publishing firm of 'H. Klenuns Verlag.' He was the author of Jllustrirles Handbuch der hiiheren Bekieidungs- kutlst (53d ed. 1899), and was known particu- larly through his large collection of incunabula, which was bought by the Saxon Government. KLENGEL, klen'gel, August Alexaxoeb ( 1784-1832). A German composer, born at Dres- den. He studied with Milchmeyer and Clementi, traveling with the latter in German}- and Rus- sia. He lived in Saint Petersburg (1805-11), and then, after a two j'ears' stay in Paris, went to Italy and England. In 181(5 he returned to Dresden, where he was made organist of the Roman Catholic church. Klengel was an accom- plished pianist and organist, but was better known as a composer. His strict contrapuntal style gained for him the nickname 'Kanon-Klen- gel.' Les Avant-coureurs (canons), and a series of forty-eight fugues and forty-eight canons were his best works, but he also wrote some excel- lent salon music. KLENZE, klen'tse, Leo vox (1784-1864). A German architect, born in the Principality of Hildesheim. He was a pupil of the Academy of Architecture in Berlin, and studied under Durand and Percier in Paris. Afterwards he spent some time traveling in Italy. On his return to Ger- manv he was appointed architect to .Jerome Bona- parte, King of Westphalia, and from 1815 to 18.39 held a similar position at the Court of Bavaria. His buildings in Munich show that he worked in many styles, one of which, the Florentine, he introduced into Germany. They include the Pinakothek (1826). Glyptothek (1830). Odeon, and Temple of Walhalla, which lat- ter recalls the Parthenon. In 1839 he went to .Saint Petersburg, where he built the Art Museum, known as the Hermitage, for the Emperor of Russia. The remainder of his life was devoted to the writing of various works on architecture, all of which reveal his admira- tion for Hellenic art. Among them are: Tersuch einer Wiederherstellunt] den toscanischen Tern- Analogic (1822): Der Tempel des oli/mpi/icheii ■Jupiter su A grigent {1&27) : Aphoristischr Bemer- kungen. gennmmelt atif einer lirise nach Oricchen- land (1838): Die Walhalla in artistischer und technischer Reziehung (1843). KLEPHTS (XGk. kV^tijs, Wep;i^A9. variant of (k.. Gk. icX/xT7)s, kleple.s, thief, from kX^- TtiK, khptein. to steal). The Greeks who for- tified themselves in the mountain strongholds of Thessaly after the conqiest of Greece by the Turks in the fifteenth centiiry. and gradually, with accessions of Albanians, developed into com- munities of brigands. In the Greek War of In- dependence the Klephts were important allies of the patriots. Their existence as a class came to an end with the suppression of Greek brigandage. KLEP'TOMA'NIA (from Gk. KXfirrfiP, klep- trin. to steal + liavla, mania, madness). An impulsive apjiropriation of the property of others, due (o mental impairment. Jledically the term is restricted to a variety of partial degenerative insanity of the impulsive type, which belongs in the same category with dipsomania and p.vro- VoL. XI.— ;i5. mania. Properly, kleptomania is characterized by impulsive acts done without a clear reason- ing process, under stress of an imperative idea. .Most kleptomaniacs are periodical maniacs, in whom the propensity to steal predominates over the ordinary symptoms of mania. They appro- priate, generally, bright or attractive and use- less articles, stowing them away often without concealment, never putting them to any use or obtaining any gmin fjom them. Frequently the articles are stolen openly, in the presence of others. Legally, the kleptomaniac is held ac- countable for his thefts, irresistible impulse alone not constituting a legal defense. Consult: Hammond. .1 Tre4ilise on Insanity (Xew York, 1883) ; Spitzka. Manual of Insanity (Kew York, 1887); Kirchhoff, Handbook of Insanity (New York. 18951. See IxSAXITY. KLETTENBEBG, klet'ten-berK, Sus.SSE IvATii.EiNE vox (1723-74). A German pietist, born in Frankfort. She was a close friend of Goethe's mother, and exercised considerable in- fluence upon the youthful poet, who became in- tere.sted in the alchemist ic studies to which her mystic tendencies had led her. Her life and character are reflected in ''Bekenntnisse einer schonen Seele," in Goethe's Wilhelm ileisters Lehrjahre. She entered into relations with the Herrnhuters, and through Goethe became ac- quainted with Lavatcr. Several of her spiritual songs and religious essays are preserved in Phile- mon, Oder von der christlichen Freundschaft, edited by Dclitzsch (Gotha, 1878). Consult De- chent. (loethrs schone Seele (Gotha, 1896). KLIEFOTH, kle'fftt, Theodor Friedrich Det- LEV (1810-95). A German Lutheran theologian, born at Korchow in Mecklenburg. After study- ing theology in Berlin and Rostock, he became ])reacher in Ludwigslust in 1840. and from 1886 until his death was president of the superior ecclesiastical council in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Kliefoth w.as a leader of the hierarchy, and at- tacked Michael Baumgarten (q.v. ). forcing him from his chair at Rostock. He wrote: Einlcilung in die, Dofptiengesehichte (1839); Theorie des Kultiis'der cvangelischen Kirehe (1844); Litur- gisrhe Abhandlungen (2d ed. 1858-69) ; Christ- liche Eschatologie (1886), a posthumous work, edited by Witte; Lehre ron drn letzten Dingen (1895) ; and numerous commentaries on the Old Testament prophets. KLEKITAT. A Shahaptian tribe, formerly residing about the river of the same name, a northern affluent of the Columbia, in southern Washington. Their common name is of Chi- nookan origin, and signifies "beyond.' i.e. east of the Cascade Mountains. They call themselves by a name signifying 'prairie people.' Although few in number, they were enterprising and aggres- sive, and were the traders l>etween the tribes east of the Cascades and those on the west. About seventy years ago they crossed the Columbia and overran the Willamet region as far south as the I'mpqua. but afterwards withdrew to their proper country. They joined in the YAkima treaty of 1855. and are now chiefly on the YSkima reserva- tion in Washington, being so merged with other tribes that their separate number is unknown. KLINDWORTH. klint'vArt. Karl (18.30-). .A G<>riiian pianist and teacher, born at Hanover. ?Iis father was a proficient amateur musician: but aside from his home advantages, the bov was
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