Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/593

* KLEBS. 537 KLEIN. in the Franco-Prussian War, he held professor- ships at WUr^iburg (1872-73), Prague (1873-82), and Zurich (1882-1)2). In 18!)5 he became di- rector of a Pathological laburatory in Asheville, N. C. He returned to Germany and lived in Karlsruhe, later in Hanover. His contributions to pathological s('ience are very important. With Tomasi-C'rudeli lie aniiounced in l.S71t the dis- covery of a bacillus of malaria, which was, how- ever, later discovered to have no connection with that disease, whose cau.se was traced to the organism discovered by Laverau, another inves- tigator. His publications include: Uaiidbitch der palhologischen Analomie (1867-80); fieilriige zur palhologischen Anatomie der Hchusswunden (1872); Sludicn iiber die Verhreitung des Kre- tiiusmus in Oesterreich (1877); Allgcmeine Pa- thologic { 1887-89) ; and Kaumile Behandlung der Diithlhrrir (18'J4). KLEENEBOK, klen'bok (Dutch, little goat). Dutch name for a duiker (q.v.). KLEIN, klTn. Ber.nhaku (1793-1832). A Ger- man composer, born at Cologne. He gained some musical education from his father, who was a double-bass player, and in 1812 went to Paris, where he studied under Cherubini and did con- siderable research work at the Conservatory Library. Tjpon returning to Cologne he was made musical director at the cathedral, and in 1819 was sent to Berlin as Government inspector of the music-schools there. In that city he be- came connected with the School for Organists; was made director of music at the university, and teacher of singing at the Hochschule. In 1823 he went to Rome, but after a few years returned to Berlin, where he died. He wrote two operas, Uido (1823) anA A rindne ( 182.5), but was better known for his oratorios. Joh (1820): David (1830) : and Jephtha (1828), and for his masses, psalms, and hymns. KLEIN, Bruno Oscar (1858 — ). A German- American coniposer. born in Osnabriick, Ger- many. His earliest instruction he received from his father, who was the organist of the cathe- dral. After having completed the course at the g'mn/isium of his native town Klein was sent to the Konigliche Musikschule in Munich, where he studied under Rlieinberger. Carl Baermann. and WUIlner. In 1S78. after his graduation from the conservatory, Klein came to the United States. He married Miss Emily Schaefer. a talented young pianist, and together they niaile a tour of the principal cities. In 1884 he .settled perma- nently in Xew York, where he was appointed organist at Saint Francis Xavier's. and became head of the piano department at the Convent of the Sacred Heart. He was also elected professor of counterpoint and composition at the National Conservatory in 18SS. .mong his principal com- positions are: For orchestra. Sei'ncn dc Hiillet. op. 19; Liebeslied und HochzeilshUinge. op. 29; Can- cer I -overt lire, op. 31; American Dances (two iieries) : vocal works with orchestra: Kenihcorth. grand opera in three acts (German text), first produced in Hamburg with Klafsky as Amy Rob- sart. and I.ohse as conductor, February 13, 1S9.5; Wallfnhrt nnch Kevlaar. oyi. 17; Ingcborg's Klage. op. 27; Missa Rolcmnis in D. op. 33; and numerous suites, concertos, etc. His vocal com- positions include tlirce vidumes of songs, and about fiftv songs published separately. KLEIN. Femx (1849—). One of the most eminent of living German mathematicians. He was born at Diisseldorf, studied at Bonn, and when only seventeen was made assistant to I'liicker in the Physical Institute. The follow- ing year (1808) he took his doctor's degree, and then went to Berlin and later to Giittingen, where he assisted in editing PlUcker's works. He en- tered the Gottingen faculty in 1871, became pro- fessor of mathematics at Erlangen in 1872, and subsequently held professorships at .Munich (1875), Leipzig* (1880), and Gottingen (1880). He was sent by the Prussian Government to represent the university interests at Chicago in 1893, and his colloquium licid at that time was attended by some of the leading American mathe- maticians. Xo one else in Germany has exercised so great an influence on American mathematics, Klein's pupils being found in most of the leading institutions of this country. His contributions to mathematics have been too extensive to admit of more than a brief list. The following are a few of his important works : L'eber Ricmanna Theorie der algebraischen Funktionen und ihrer Integrale{ 1882) ; Vorlesungen Uber das Ikosaeder und die Auflosung der Gleichungen torn 3len (Irade ( 1884 ) ; Leber die hypergeometrische I'unktion (1894); Ueber lineare Diffcrential- gleichungcn der 2. Ordnung (1894) ; Theorie des Krcisels (vilh Sommerfeld, 2 vols., 1897-98) ; Vorlesungen iibcr die Theorie der elliplischcit Mo<lMlfunktionen{lSiiO — ); Mathematical Theory of the Toj) (Princeton address; Xew York, 1897) ; Vortriige uber ansgctciihlte Fragen der Elemen- targcometrie (1895; Eng. ed. Boston. 1897) ; his Evanston Colloquium (1893) before the Congress of Mathematics was reported and published by Ziwet (Xew York. 1894). Klein «lso edited the works of MiMiius (1885-87). In 1875 he became one of the editors of the Mathematischc Annalcn. In 1897 he began, jointly with Fricke. the pub- lication of Vorlesungen iiber die Theorie der aittoniorphen Funktionen. KLEIN, .Iakob TnEODOB ( I685-I759). A Ger- man zoologist, born at Konigsbcrg. He was edu- cated at the University of Kiinigsberg, and later was elected municipal secretary of Danzig, which city he represented for a time at the Polish Cotirt. He established at Danzig a natural his- tory cabinet ami a botanical garden, and was a founder there of the Xaturalist Society. His natural history cabinet, together with ni:iny valu- able drawings, was transferred from Danzig to Bayrenth in 1740. He was a voluminous writer on almost every form of animal life. He also devised a formal system of classification, based on th« number, form, and manner of disposal of the limbs. His f^umma Dubiorum circa Classes Quadrupeduni et Amphibiorum in Caroli Linnet fiystemalc Saturw (1743) was a violent attack on the Swedish naturalist.. KLEIN, JonAN-N Adam (1792-1S75K A Ger- nuin etcher and painter, born at Nuremberg, where he studied under .1. C. van Bemniel and . Gabler. and practiced etching diligently, copying after Ridinger, Vanderwelde. Roos. and Dujar- din. In 1811 he went to Vienna, frequented the academy, made sketching tours in Styria and Ilunsary. lived in Frankfort in 1815. and. retui-n- ing to Vienna in 181 fi. only then beijan to paint in oil. By way of Salzburg and Munich (ISIS), he went to Italy in 1819. and was in Rome and Naples, collecting numerous studies and sketches, until 1821. when he returned to his native city. Thence he removed to Munich in 1839. Hi"