Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/591

* KLADDERADATSCH. 535 KLAPBOTH. catures of Napoleon III. and Bismarck. Some of the characters represented in its .squibs have become accepted types. KLAGENFURT, kla'gen-foort. The capital of the Crownland of C'arintliia, Austria, and seat of the Bishopric of Gurk, situated near the (Jlan Kiver, two miles east of the Orther See, and 40 niile-> north -northwest of Laibach (.Map: Austria, D 3). Among the prominent buildin<;s and in- stitutions of the city are the old cathedral dating from the end of the sixteenth century; the House of Estates with its armorial liall containing the ancient stone on which the dukes of Carinthia sat while receiving the homage of their vassals; the Museum Rudolfinum with a number of col- lections; a library and archives; and the episco- pal palace. The principal square is adorned with a stune fountain dating from-1590 and a bronze statue of ilaria Theresa. Klagenfurt has a gymnasium, a realschule. a theological seminar}', and a school of ajiriculture and milling. The chief manufactures are leather, white lead, ma- chines, tobacco, and cloth. There is a consider- able transit trade at Klaaenfurt. Population, in 1800, 10,75(5; in 1900, 24,314, mostly Ger- mans. KLAMATH, kla'mat. A tribe centring about the lako and river of the same name in south- ern Oregon, which, with the adjoining JModoc (<|.v. ) of California, makes up the Lutuamian linguistic stock. Their present reservation of 13(10 square miles, confirmed by treaty of 1864, is occupied jointly with several other tribal remnants, including adopted former slaves. Their former subsistence was derived chiefly from hunting, fishing, and the gathering of camass and other roots. Thej' were expert basket-weavers, brave fighters, and, like other tribes of the region, made slaves of their captives. They are now almost all fairly civilized stock-raisers. They are reported to number about 710. The most complete autiiority on the tribe is Gatschet's monograph, "The Klamath Indians of Oregon," published as volume iii. of Coiilributions to Xorth American Ethnology (Washington,' 1883). KLAMATH. A river in northern California. It riies in Klamath County in the southern part of Oregon, and flows south through the upper and lower Klamath lakes into California, where it turns southwest, then northwest, emptying into the Pacific Ocean 20 miles south of Crescent City (Map: California. B 1). It is 27.) miles long and navigable 40 miles for small steamers. It is a ra))id river, flowing through deep and narrow canons, where, among' the mountains, gold has been found in considerable quantities. The adja- cent country is well covered with forests of red- wood, fir. and cedar. KLAPKA, klop'ko. GTiiRGT ( George 1 (1820- P2K - general of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He was born at Temesvilr. being the son of the burgomaster of that to^-n. He entered the Austrian .Army in 1838. and rose to be lieutenant. In 1848 lie left the service, hut upon the outbreak of the Revolution joined the caiise of the Hun- garians, and was sent into Transylvania, and then against the Serbs. After the defeat of ^IC'Szflros at Kaschau (.January 4. 18401 Klap- ka was appointed to succeed him. The plan of the Hnncarian campaign in the beginning of 1849. which was carried out with such great success, was largely his work. He distinguished himself in several battles in the winter and early spring of 1841), and after acting as .Minister of ar for a short time took the field again in Jiay, and attained a splendid reputation by his defense of Komorn. The series of battles which ho fought from July 30th to August 5th was perhaps the most brilliant episode of the whole war. After the sui render of (Jiirgey at V'ilagos (August 13, 1849) Klapka held out until Sep- tember 27th, when be capitulated to General Haynau. He proceeded to Kngland, and after- wards to Geneva. In 1859 he was requested by the Sardinian Government to organize an Hun- garian legion, to be used against Austria, but the armistice of Villafranca destroyed his hopes of active service. After the war of 1806, in which he held a command under Prussia, he returned to Hungary and was elected to the Diet. In 1873-74 he undertook the reorganization of the Turkish Army. Late in life he started various industrial enterprises with little success. He died at Buda- pest, Jlay 17, 1892. His Memoirs were jiublishcd at Leipzig in 1850. He also wrote: The Il'ar of Independence in llunqarij and Transylvania (1851) ; The Wnr in tlic Kast (1855) ; Recollec- tions (1887). KLAPP, klap, MiciLVEL (1834-88). An Aus- trian journalist and author, born and educated in Prague, whence he wenl to Vienna in 1855. Con- nected with the Ostdcutschc Post in 1859-06, then special correspondent in Italy, Spain, and other countries for the A"e«e Frcie Presse, he became in 1870 editor of the Montagsrevue. He gave oflensc by an article on the sojourn of Empress Elizabeth in Hungary, contributed by him to the (lartrnUiuhc, and was obliged to resign from his position in 1877. Besides several comedies, one of which, Rosenkronz und (liildenstern (1878), brouglit out at the Burgtheater in Vienna, was produced on all important stages of (Germany, he wrote: Komisrhe (leschichten atis dem jiidischen Volkslehen (1859); Vom griinen Tisch (1865); liilder vom Marsfeld (1808); In London und iinler den Feniern (1809) : Revolutionshilder aus Sijnnim (1869). and other sketches; also the novel. Die Bankgrafen. Roman aus der Sehwindel- ^eit (1877). KLAPROTH, klilp'rot, Heixrich Jiijrs (1783-1835). A German Oriental scholar and traveler, born in Berlin. While yet in the gym- nasium, at the age of fourteen, he beg.in the study of the Chinese language, a task then ren- dered particularly dillieult by inadequate ma- terial. In 1804 he was appointed by the Saint Petersburg Academy an adjunct in Oriental lan- guages and literatures. In the year following, under commission from the academy, he accom- jianied a special embassy to China, and during a two years' ab.«cnfe amassed a great quantity of material for Chinese studies, including im|>ortant vocabularies and extensive observations of u-=a2cs and customs. A journey to Ge*irgia and the Caucasus region was accomplished for the acad- emy in 1807 -09. From 1811 to 1814 he lived in Berlin, and after being dismissed from his post in Russia, he went in 1815 to Paris. Through the instrumentality of Wilhelm vim Humboldt, he was ap)iointed by Frederick William III. of Prussia a professor of .siatic languages and literatures (with residence at Paris), and was also financially aided by the King in the publica- tion of his works. They include: Reise in den Kaiikasus und nach Gtorgien (2 vols., 1812-14) ;